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| A set of design principles by which people could align their living quarters with forces of nature. |
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| When was the compass introduced for navigation? |
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| Used to measure the angle of the noon day sun or a known star to determine the ships latitude. Longitude was not able to be calculated at this time. |
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| A small, fast Portuguese or Spanish ship known for sailing of the 15- 17th centuries. A sea worthy ship known for deep waters. |
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| Same use as the Astrolabe. Used for direction and latitude. |
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| A popular triangular sail in the Age of Discovery. Common in the Mediterranean. |
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| The science or practice of making maps. |
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| Increased maneuverability. Allowed ships to take advantage of their improved sail power in tacking into contrary of the wind. |
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Niccolo Machiavelli wrote this treatise. Focused on how the prince should maintain power over his kingdom.
"The ends justify the means"
Birth of modern state craft and politics. |
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| Three of the most significant city-states of the Italian Reaissance |
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| Birthplace of the Renaissance |
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| Maritime trading empire, dominates the Mediterranean & will rival Hanseatic League until the 1500's and the Age of Exploration. |
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| Seat of Papal power and the center of European Christianity of the Renaissance. |
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| seeks to control the north of Italy. |
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Controls much of central Italy
(PAPEL STATES) |
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| Controls Naples and the south of Italy |
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| Complete control of Italian lands |
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| Cultural & Political Characteristics of the Renaissance |
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Renaissance means "rebirth" of classical or traditional culture (Classical Greek and Roman culture and philosophy) The Renaissance is a cultural movement mainly for the upper class. DEFINITELY NOT a mass cultural movement The ideas of the Renaissance will travel North but with a different cultural focus... more religiously focused
Began in the Italian cities because they were centers of Mediterranean trade, wealth, and Italian politics. And they were the physical and cultural decendants of the Romans whihc they were seeking to copy...
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Man is the "measure of all things" or that man is capable of perfection in terms of talent, the arts, education, writing, and human interaction through education. It is the GLORIFICATION of the human.
-The humanitites (history, ethics, philosophy, etc.)
-Humanist become advisors to princes and rulers in the Italian city-states.
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Christian belief - man is incapable of perfection and therefore is incapable of pleasing God outisde of salvation through Jesus Christ
Humanism- rejects the idea of the man's sin nature and seeks perfection outisde of God. Focus of the arts turns to Greek and Roman styles that idealized the perfection of the human form.
*** INCREASED SECULARIZATION OF SOCIETY AND EVEN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF THE DAY!
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| Commerce and Ship Building |
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Prove to be a foundational cornerstone for The Age of Exploration
*Genose ships
*Vivaldi brothers and the Strait of Gibraltar
*Christopher Columbus |
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1300 -Take over the Atlantic in the early days of exploration.
Many of the ships discover the Canary Islands, Azores, and Madeira by 1351 |
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| Role of trade: China, Islam, and the Ottaman Turks |
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Mongols built a trade route between the east and west.. Europeans are allowed great acces to the court and riches of the "Great Khan" and it intensifies the desire for eastern goods..
Dynamism:Feudalism declines (Black Death)
Central Monarchies grow stronger (taxes and territorial control.. and efficient national armies)
Revival of urban centers
Europeans access the adoption of western technologie
(Compass, astroblobe, GUNPOWDER, ship building.. etc.)
Europeans were denied access to the ports of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and is now under control of the Turks.
Fear of Islamic empire sparked the Christians to protect the Islamic conquest to Europe and send missionaries to pagan lands before the Muslims controlled them.
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