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| Russian revolt in 1825 led by liberal army officers who wanted reforms; defeated by tsar Nicholas I |
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| Began as Russian attempt to attack Ottomans, but resulted in Russian defeat and reforms under Alexander II. Russia was also opposed by Britain and France. (1854-1856) |
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| Alliance of Russia, Prussia and Austria to defend religion and establish order, formed at the Congress of Vienna. |
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| Local political councils in Russia that were created soon after serf emancipation and had a voice in regulating roads and schools, etc. |
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| Began building in the 1870's and was finished by 1880's; connected European Russia to the Pacific and brought Russia into a more active Asian role |
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| Russian finance minister and economic modernizer from 1892-1903; encouraged Western investors to build factories in Russia and improved banking systems. |
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| Articulate intellectuals who wanted radical political and social change but distinct Russian culture |
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