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| Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad from 750 to 1258 C.E. |
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| South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910, imposing a system of racial segregation called apartheid after 1949. |
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| The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between c. 8000 B.C.E. and 2000 B.C.E. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution. |
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| Alexander (356 - 323 B.C.E.) |
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| King of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. Later known as Alexander the Great. |
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| Salvador Allende (1908-1973) |
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| Socialist politician elected president Chile in 1970 and overthrown by the military in 1973. He died during the military attack. |
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| Revolutionaries who wanted to abolish all private property and governments, usually by violence, and replace them with free association groups. |
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