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| A people of modern South Africa whom King Shaka united in 1818. |
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| A large Muslim state founded in 1809 in what is now northern Nigeria. |
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| The process of reforming political, military, economic, social, and cultural traditions in imitation of the early success of Western societies, often with regard for accommodating local traditions in non-Western societies. |
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| Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952. |
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| Exports from Africa in the nineteenth century that did not include the newly outlawed slave trade. |
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| Africans rescued by Britain's Royal Navy from the illegal slave trade of the nineteenth century and restored to free status. |
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| A Muslim prince allied to British India; technically, a semi-autonomous deputy of the Mughal emperor. |
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| A soldier in South Asia, especially in the service of the British. |
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| The rule over much of South Asia between 1765 and 1947 by the East India Company and then by a British government. |
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| The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. |
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| An elaborate display of political power and wealth in British India in the nineteenth century, ostensibly in imitation of the pageantry of the Mughal Empire. |
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| The elite professional class of officials who administered the government of British India. Originally composed exclusively of well-educated British men, it gradually added qualified Indians. |
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| A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle-class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, it appealed increasingly to the poor, and it organized mass protests demanding self-government and independence. |
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| Large, fast, streamlined sailing vessel, often American built, of the mid-to-late nineteenth century rigged with vast canvas sails hung from tall masts. |
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| A voluntary agreement binding a person to work for a specified period of years in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most indentured servants were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians. |
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