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| Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the ______________ was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. |
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| The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as ________ Kanuni, "The Lawgiver." He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. |
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| Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. |
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| "Selection" in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries. |
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| Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. |
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| Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. |
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| The branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. ____ism is the state religion of Iran. |
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| Last in a series of twelve descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. |
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| The fifth and most renowned ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Iran (r. 1587-1629). _____ moved the royal capital to Isfahan in 1598. |
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| Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. |
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| Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. |
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| In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire. |
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| Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar I married a Rajput princess. |
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| Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak (1469-1539) in the Punjab region of northwest India. After the Mughal emperor ordered the beheading of the ninth guru in 1675, ____ warriors mounted armed resistance to Mughal rule. |
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| Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641. |
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| Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southwest region of the Arabian peninsula. ____ succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century. |
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| Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. |
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| Fort established ca. 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta. |
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