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| A resolution drafted by President Lyndon Johnson and his assistants and passed by Congress on August 7, 1964 following an attack on 2 US destroyers by the North Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tonkin. The resolution gave President Johnson the authority to do whatever was necessary to defend US armed forces and protect Southeast Asia from “aggression or subversion.” It served as a “functional equivalent” of a declaration of war. |
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| these were the names of the 2 US destroyers that were attacked on the Gulf of Tonkin by the North Vietnamese |
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| A derogatory term that was used by Americans during the Vietnam War to describe North Vietnamese communist geurillas. |
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| The name of the United States military’s chemical warfare operation (as described by Faragher) which included spraying 17.6 million gallons of Agent Orange over the Southeast Asian area in order to deprive the North Vietnamese of food and shelter. The operation was in effect from 1962 to 1971. |
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| A book written by J. William Fulbright, a democratic senator from Arkansas, which suggested that the Vietnam War was destructive to domestic reform in America and that it would be best to negotiate a withdrawal from a neutralized Southeast Asia. |
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| The name given to those born in the years between 1940-1960. These people specifically identified themselves with the 60's. |
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| Name given to the hippie counterculture by the media and appealed the the large minority of young adults participating in the antiwar movement. |
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| The young adults of America in the 1960's participating in the antiwar movement and protested through music, dress, and ethic conduct. |
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| Policies administered by numerous universities concerning student's housing |
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| A bestselling novel by Charles Reich, defining hippies with " love, respect, and a mutual search for wisdom." |
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| SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) |
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| Civil rights group formed during an April 1960 conference with an emphasis on fighting segregation through direct confrontation, mass action, and civil disobedience. They distrusted bureaucracy and structure but stressed spontaneity and improvisation. |
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| SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) |
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| Organization formed by MLK and 100 black ministers in 1957. Called upon black people to realize that nonviolence wasn’t a symbol of weakness but one of courage and strength. Wildly popular with black college students. |
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| Movement set up to test compliance with court orders banning segregation on interstate travel (hint: think buses). |
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| Coalition in Georgia formed by activists from the SNCC, NAACP and other groups. It campaigned for integrating public facilities and voting rights, but failed as many of the protesters were jailed. |
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| A nonviolent form of protest that many black college students participated in as an act of civil disobedience. Took place in the cities of Greensboro, Nashville, and Atlanta. |
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| Established a precedent for executive authority that lasted long after the war. Gave the president the power to reorganize the federal government and create new agencies, establish programs that censored all news and information and abridged civil liberties, to seize property from foreigners, and to award government contracts without competitive building |
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| Office of War Information (OWI) |
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| A propaganda agency that focused on coordinating information from federal agencies and encouraging the press, radio, and film industry in an informational campaign. Also gathered data and controlled news releases to make the war seem dramatic and encouraging |
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| Office of Strategic Services (OSS) |
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| Created by The Joint Chiefs of Staff to assess the enemy’s military strength and oversee espionage activities |
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| Mediated disputes between labor and management and also limited wage increase. It encouraged employers to allow unions into their plants, and unions secured contracts including automatic dues check off, high wages, and new fringe benefits like pension plans |
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| Led one of the most dramatic “wildcat” strikes, a walkout of more than half a million coal miners in 1943. He withstood the attacks of the government and the press and when Roosevelt ordered the mines to be seized, he claimed that coal could not be mined with bayonets |
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| the purchasing of an asset (normally a stock) with a down payment as low as ten percent and borrowing the rest from a broker, then paying the broker back as if you took out loan. |
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| A group that marched to Washington D.C. and requested that their war bonds be cashed out immediately. Bill to pay them was passed in house of representatives but stopped in senate. |
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| October 24 1929, the stock market crash that signaled the beginning of the 10 year long Great Depression. |
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| Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) |
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| an independent agency of the U.S. government was established to give financial aid to states that exhausted their own relief funds. |
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| allowed the RFC to donate more money and gave money to states to set up relief programs. |
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| 33rd U.S. President; WW2 ended under his presidency but tensions with the Soviet Union started up, leading to the Korean War. He passed the Truman Doctrine which was to contain communism and passed the Marshall Plan to help rebuild Europe. |
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| General Douglas MacArthuer |
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| Led the U.S army during the Korean War; was a strong but over confident ruler. In 1951 Truman dismissed him from his role because he requested actions that could have possibly started a Chinese-American war. |
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| National Security Council |
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| created under the National Security Act of 1947; was created to aid the President with the integration of domestic, military, and foreign policies, relating to National Security. wrote the NSC-68 |
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| a paper adapted by the National Security Council in 1950; it reinterpreted the basic policy of containment as well as decision making at the highest levels of government. |
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| created by President Truman; said that if needed to the United States could go into other countries to help stop the spread of communism. |
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| A derogatory term referring to natives of Oklahoma |
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| Had deep roots in progressive-era social work and community organization in the slums. Was brought in by President Roosevelt to reform the Bureau of Indian Affairs |
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| A tribe from Southwestern United States. One of the Indian tribes to reject the Indian Reorganization Act due to the Bureau of Indian Affairs' reduction of their livestock |
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| - An ecological disater (a series of violent dust storms) that wreaked havoc on the southern Great Plains |
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| Weakened tribal sovereignty by moving the land from tribes to individuals |
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| a committee made by the House of Representatives to investigate communism in Hollywood |
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| this couple was blamed for leaking secret government technology to the Soviet Union and died in the electric chair |
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| a term to describe the hysteria about communism in the United States during the Cold War |
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| Friendly Witness/ unfriendly witness |
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| terms that the HUAC used to identify wether or not a person was cooperative with the committee |
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| Senator McCarthy used scare tactics to intimidate minority groups into admitting to being part of the communist threat. This falsely imprisoned many innocent people |
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| A supreme commander of the Allied Forces in WWII, became the Republican 34th president of the United States, and maintained the anticommunist rhetoric of the cold war diplomacy |
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| Sec. Of State John Foster Dulles |
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| Under Eisenhower, had a new look toward the communist threat, asserting a more aggressive policy involving a heavy reliance on America’s nuclear strength. This policy, however, conflicted with Eisenhower’s sense of caution. |
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| The US provided France with mass military aid and CIA cooperation to maintain its empire in Indochina, but when the French troops were surrounded by Vietminh forces, Eisenhower rejected direct intervention, so the French were forced to surrender |
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| Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) |
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| based off of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, this was primarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia. It was created when the US refused to sign the Geneva Accord |
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| aggressively pursued by Guatemalan President Jacabo Arbenz Guzman, along with the formation of trade unions, because 2 percent of the Guatemalan population owned 72 percent of all of the farm land |
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| a network of federal programs to increase opportunities in employment and education |
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| a program created by the OEO that brought several thousand teachers to poor school districts |
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| had local communities build community action agencies (CAAs) to get involved in federally funded programs |
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| Detroit "Great Rebellion" |
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| one of the largest, bloodiest, and most well known urban uprisings during the 1960s. Lasted for a week left 34 dead, 7000 arrested |
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| lead by governor Otto Kerner of Illinois. Studied the uprisings and concluded that white racism caused the rebellions, suggested a better program for housing, integrated schools and for a system of income supplementations all of which was ignored by congress |
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| An agency offering work to desperate artists and intellectuals that enriched the cultural lives of millions and left a substantial legacy of artistic and cultural production. |
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| Period in the 1930s where artists, novelists, journalists, photographers, and filmmakers tried to document the devastation wrought by the Great Depression in American communities. |
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| A piece of legislation FDR attempted to pass that he claimed would help maintain the balance of power between the three branches of government. However, he was criticized for this move and was accused of trying to fill the Judicial Branch with his supporters. |
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| Called “The White House Conference on the Emergency Needs of Women” and worked for reforms against lynching and racism as well as improvements in Health Care and Child Labor reforms. |
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| 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act |
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| Established a Federal minimum wage at 25 cents per hour and set the maximum work week at 44 hours for employees involved in interstate commerce. |
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| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
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| Organization that fought for African American voter registration and lobbied against discrimination in housing and employment, also got involved in several influential legal challenges. |
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| Attorney involved in the NAACP that mounted several important legal challenges in favor of rights for African Americans. |
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| First African American baseball player to play in the MLB. Seen as an inspiration to many African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement for winning Rookie of the Year. |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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| Supreme Court case fought by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP. Brought together that separate facilities, by definition, denied black people of their full right as American Citizens. Decision was that the Supreme Court agreed with the argument, however, they would leave the ruling up to local school boards to enforce the integration. |
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| Governor of Arkansas in 1957, refused to let Little Rock High School integrate until President Eisenhower nationalized the Arkansas National Guard forcefully integrating Little Rock High School by making sure the black students were protected. |
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| .Name given to first generation Japanese immigrants. |
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| Group that launched a "Share Your Home" campaign that caused 1.5 million families to share their house with friends, family, or strangers. |
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| Name given to the violent assault on Zoot suiters committed by US sailors on June 4, 1943. |
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| Executive Order that banned discrimination in the government and defense industries. |
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| Executive Order that suspended the civil rights of many Japanese-Americans. |
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| A series of radio broadcasts in which FDR told the nation of what he was doing, giving the white house a genuine sense of compassion. |
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| Civilian Conservation Corps |
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| this unified program of the New Deal gave young men work, a place to live at a work camp, and helped to secretly stop revolution. |
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| Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) |
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| This program of the New Deal paid farmers money to reduce production. A moajor problem of this was tenants were not recieving the money and being replaced by farm tools. |
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| Southern Tenant Farmers Union |
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| 30,000 tenant farmers protest the AAA about wasting food as people went hungry and about not recieving money from the government to slow production. |
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| FDR defined this as "a use of authority of government as an organized form of self help for all classes and groups and sections of our country." |
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