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*Nickname = Tory
Were concentrated in seaport cities, royalty was always loyal, merchants went both ways, and priests were mostly loyal. |
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*Nickname = Whigs
Were revolutionaries, the patriots would often go around terrorizing loyalists, and banishing them from the colonies to join the Brits, taking their property, the loyalists responded in the same way. |
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| General of the Continental Army, inexperienced at start of war (besides French Indian War), but overall a competent general. |
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| The army would always have issues with finance and provisions. Colonies rarely contributed to giving supplies, so soldiers took supplies directly from farmers in exchange for certificates that ensured payment later on. A lot of paper money was issued as well, inflation. Most soldiers were patriots, indentured servants, volunteers, or conscripts. The army attracted many soldiers by promising $20 and 100 acres for soldiers that would fight for 3 years, or for duration of conflict. |
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| Traitor ed to the British side, originally a American general. |
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| Robert Morris (1734-1806) |
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| A prominent Philadelphia merchant, treasurer of Congress, made a fortune during the revolutionary war. |
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| John Paul Jones (1747-1792) |
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| Bohomme Richard and the Serapis |
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| *French Alliance of 1778, reasons for it |
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| Burgoyne moves a ill fated force and cumbersome force through New York, where he is ambushed, and then surrounded by American forces, where he surrenders, and 5700 soldiers are imprisoned. The French see this as a sign that America stands a chance and send aid to America, British/French declare war, Spanish aid France, Brits declare war on Dutch for trading with colonies/French. |
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| Washington's forces spend winter at Valley Forge, near Philadelphia. Half naked, starving, and disease ridden, most soldiers abandon the army, or starve to death. The colonists eventually forcibly take cattle from farmers and give them promises of pay, b/c farmers would only take British silver. Morale raises after acquiring provisions, and promises of extra pay + French ally. |
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| After losing forces in Carolinas, Cornwallis joins with Benedict and picks Yorktown as a defensible site. French and American forces unite, and besiege Yorktown, the British surrender, and lose all hope for success in America and formally surrender. |
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| Nathanael Greene (fighting quaker, very intelligent commander, shrewd, careful) and Cornwallis duke it out along the (baiting him) Carolinas, where he takes heavy losses, with no gains. |
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| The Spanish want to claim Gibraltar from England, but eventually give up, and an armistice is established, Mississippi River is boundary to the west. |
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| Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay |
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| French and British Intrigue over U.S boundaries. |
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Loyalists vs Patriots, families separated between loyalties, and communities torn apart.
Many civilians were unhappy when the conflict came to their little towns, and they were burned to the ground, lots of hardships.
The poor suffered from inflation the most, could hardly afford living, in some towns the poor went around harassing frugal merchants, and began demanding rights, which John Adams describes as being horrifying, that social inequality was a fact of life. |
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