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| 1619- the first legislative body in colonial America |
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| The first agreement for self-government in america, written in 1620 Plymouth. |
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| Refers to english immigration to the american colonies between 1630 and 40 |
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| Compared his colony to a "city on a hill" and favored a theocratic style government. |
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| Puritan teachings emphasized the biblical covenants God's approval tied to colonial success and protection |
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| She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals, Antinomianism, and was exiled. |
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| Eliminated the possibility of Indian armed resistance to the settlements in New England and inhalation policy. |
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| First Constitution written in american Colonies |
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| Formed 1643 to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies |
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| New England Confederation |
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| 1675-Last major conflict between NE colonist and NAs resulted in colonial expansion |
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| Policy where 50 acres were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into america. |
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| 1676 Resulted in slavery replacing indentured servitude as labor force in the southern colonies. |
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| Headed by Andros, strictly enforced the Navigation Acts and was hated by the colonists. |
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| Law that protected the religious, political , and social rights fo Catholics in a southern colony. |
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| Maryland act of toleration. |
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| Laws designed to enforce the policy of merchantilism and stop smuggling in American colonies |
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| Triggered by decline in religious piety, increased fervor and denominations, 1st unifying event in colonies |
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| Applied to puritan colonist whose parents were church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. Purpose was to increase attendance and number of people who could participate in government. |
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| Sinners in the hands of an Angry God, emotionally charged Puritan minister. |
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| Religion of the Enlightenment' God created the world but was no longer involved in matters. |
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| A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's emphasized reason and scientific method. |
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| Founded and controlled by a proprietary company or individual ie. PA and MD |
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Founded by the king and he had total control over them eventually all colonies would be |
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| Founded by a government charter granted to a group of people with some government control ie RI |
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| The trial set a precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies |
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| As a result of this rebellion slaves were not allowed to grow their own food, assemble in groups, or learn to read |
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| AKA 7 years war, fought ove rownershipo of Ohio Valley, French lost all North American colonies. |
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| Policy where unrestricted colonial trade would be more profitable than taxation |
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| Groups of private citizens in colonnies who circulated information about opposition to British trade measures |
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| comities of correspondence |
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| 1774 after the Boston tea party and shutting down Boston harbor' disbanded the Boston Assembly. |
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| Rebellion in New York against the aristocratic patronage system and was unsuccessful |
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| 1754 plan proposed by Franklin to form a union between colonies for defense purposes' failed to pass |
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| Economic policy in which strength of a country is defined by exporting more thatn you import' emphasized colonies |
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| Response to threat of Indian uprising to western expansion of colonists = colonial resistance: |
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| Proclamation line of 1768 |
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| 1763 - Indian uprising sparked by western expansion into the Ohio Valley. |
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| It spoke out against the unfair treatment of the colonies and was instrumental in turning public opinion. |
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| Issued the Suffulk Resolves nullified Coercive Acts and prepared local militias and refusal to pay taxes |
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| Drafted the Declaration of Independence and served as government during revolution |
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| 2nd continental congress. |
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| Drafted by T. Jefferson and set precedent of the disestablishment clause' separation of church and state |
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| VA state of religious freedom |
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| The first constitution of US characterized by weak legislature and strong state government |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| Sucess of the first constitution that established the system by which new states would be admitted to the union. |
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| Laid out plan for territories to become states and prohibited slavery in Northwest territory. |
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| North West ordinance of 1787 |
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| Event that highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and sparked the new constitution debate. |
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| Written by Hamilton, Jay, and Adams in favor of ratification fo new constitution. |
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| Article of #40 that stated that republic would protect citizens from problems of large democracy ie anarchy, factions |
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| All federal laws overide any state laws or state constitutional provisions to the contrary |
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| Enlightened philosopher believed that the government's power should be divided into separate branches. |
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| Enlightened philosopher wrote that all people have a right to life, liberty, and property and governments protect rights. |
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| English philosopher believed that people are motivated by fear and greed and strong government is needed to control. |
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| The act created the federal court system and allowed the president to appoint judges and had a fatal flaw. |
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| Passed to lengthen residential requirements for citizenship and prevent anti-government speech. |
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| The right to be told of charges against you and have a judge to determine the credibility of evidence |
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| A leading Federalist, he supported industry and stronng central government and created the BUS |
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| A leading DEM-Rep, he supported the idea of small government and independent agricultural. |
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| Taxes placed on manufactured goods, ie Whiskey and part of Hamilton's BE FAT plan |
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| PP that believed in a strong national government, loose construction, support of industry, support of british |
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| PP that believed in states and individual rights, strict construction, ag over industry, support of French |
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| Basis for implied powers, used to increase power of congress beyond enumerated powers. |
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| nessicary and proper clause |
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| 1795 treaty with spain that established gave the US the right to navigate the Miss. River |
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| Revolt in wester PA against the excise tax' Washington put quelled revolt' proven viability of Constitution. |
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| Written by Jefferson and Madison that advocated the states have the ability to nullify federal law |
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| Supreme court decision that set the precedent of judicial review of all laws |
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| A tax placed on imported goods for the protection of domestic industry |
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| SP Court decidion that included the approval of the BUS and "the power to tax=power to kill" |
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| Marshall SP Court decision that corporate charter qualified as a contract between private parties |
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| Dartmouth college v. Woodward |
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| Allowed MO to enter Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state, status quo antebellum(Latin for keeping things the way they are) |
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| Policy that announced that Western himisphere was closed to European colonization and intervention |
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| SC Decision that upheld the Supremacy clause and the athority of congress to regulate interstate trade |
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| the ability by a state to declare a federal law unconstitutional and null; supported by compact theory |
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| The belief in america first and usually favored some type of immigration restriction |
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| Federally sponcered internal improvements proposed by Clay but opposed by states rights. |
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| SC Decision that stated states could not interfere or or pass laws in regards to NA reservation |
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| SC decision that protects economic prosperity over property rights |
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| Charles river bridge v. Warren bridge |
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| Led a slave rebellion in VA that resulted in the stiffening of slave codes including literacy exclusion and travel restriction |
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| SP Court decision that established that labor unions had the right to act collectively |
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| 1790-1840s religious revival and social reform movement that included education and utopian societies |
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| Land acquisition that enlarged US by 1/2 during Jefferson's presidency |
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| Each person has direct communication with God and Nature, no need for organized churches ie Emerson. |
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| Site of women's suffrage meeting as Second Great Awakening reform movements Declaration of Sentiment |
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| 19th Century belief that women were judged by society on basis of piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity |
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| SC decision that upheld the prohibition of ex post facto laws and states couldn't invalidate legal contracts |
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| Law intended to motivate either the British or the French from seizing American ships by promising end of embargo |
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| British policiy of kidnapping American soldiers and forcing them to serve in the British navy, cause of War of 1812 |
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| Held in the last days of the War of 1812 by NE states and proved to be the death of the Federalist party |
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| Era following the war of 1812 characterized by increased national pride, literature and less political strife. |
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| 1820-1860 tech spurred ag and indust growth, sothern cotton fueled NE textiles Midwest ern grain feed factory workers |
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| Pre-Civil war industrial expansion; textiles, RR, iron and coal; Whitney interchangeable parts,' Singer sewing macine |
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| Assumed reason that HC awarded John Q. Adams the presidency in 1824 and Clay took office as Sec. of State |
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| 1824 plan by democrats to tarnish adams presidency but resulted in southern outrage and threat of nullification. |
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| 1820s change characterized by universal manhood suffragee and gobernment done directly by the people |
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| PP Supported industry, protective tariffs, and anti-Jackson; generally upperclass in origin and pro-Bank |
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| Conflict between Pres. Jackson and Biddle which resulted in teh withdrawal of federal deposite from the BUS |
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| 1820s writer inspired by post-war surge of nationalism Leatherstockings Tales and Last of the Mohicans |
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| 1840s writer whose classic Moby Dick portrays the eternal conflict between good and evil |
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| 1830s writer rejected ideas of transcendentalism and liberal religious thought of the 2nd Great awakening |
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| 1820s writer inspired by post war surge of nationalism Rip van winkle and Sleepy Hollow |
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| French author of the 1830s that wrote Democracy in America ; greater economic opportunity than Europe |
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| Treaty with the British regarding disarment fo the Great lakes and eventually unarmed border with canada. |
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| Statement that "closed" the western Hemisphere to European colonization' intended to promote isolationism. |
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| Belief that providence called for the US to exist from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean |
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| Meant to end land speculation required land to be purchased with hard currency followed by the panic of 1837 |
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| Allowed for MO to be a slave state, Maine a free state, and no slavery above 36'30. |
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| Single term president that engaged in the Mex Am war and settled the territorial dispute over Oregon. |
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| Proposed during Mex-Am War that would prohibit slavery from expanding into any territory gained from that war |
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| Thoreau's work that inspired social and political reforms through passive resistance, ie M.L.K and Gandhi |
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| Proposed by A. Lincoln when discrepancy occurred over the exact location of conflict related to the Mex Am War |
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| 1817 purchased land in modern day Liberia to transplant American blacks |
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| American Colonization Society |
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| SC decision that ruled is unconstitutional for any other than the owner of a runaway slave to capture. |
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| Stated by Stephen Douglas that the people of a territory could chose to support or bar slavery |
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| Attitude that places the importance and issues of a region over the good of the nation as a whole |
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| Included CA as a free state, popular soverignty and Fugitive Slave Law and long term cause of CW |
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| Allowed two territories to use populoar soverignty to decide slave issues and short term cause of the CW |
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| Acquisistion of land from mexico to allow for the purposed souther route of the transcontental RR |
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| Opened chaperoned boarding house/factory for unmarried women' worked cheaper than men. |
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| Book that brought to the nation's attention the cruelty of slaver and short term cause of Civil War |
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| A deal that proposed the US buy Cuba from Spain so as to acquire more territory that was suited for slavery |
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| Souther critic of slavery who wrote Impending Crysis of the South claimed that slavery hurt poor white farmers. |
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| Coalition of the Free Soil Party, the Know-Nothing Party and Whigs merged in 1854; liberal anti-slavery party |
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| SC decision that stated slaves were not citizens, therefore could not sue, they were in fact property |
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| SC opinion that civilians could not be tried by military tribunals if civil courts are open |
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| Period of Reconstruction that included miltary governance and protection of AA voting rights |
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| Were enacted after the civil war to reassert white supremacy over freedmen |
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| Created during Reconstruction to help integrate newly freed slaves into society and promote education |
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| Ended all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude |
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| Granted all rights and privileges of citizenship to former slaves and provided equal protection under the law |
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| Prohibited the practice of using race to disqualify a person from voting |
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| Ended the dispute of the 1876 presidential election and removed all union troops from the south |
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| Name given to Southern Dem after Reconstruction that brought white supremacy back to the South |
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| System of farming that emerged in South after the Civil War due to demand for cotton and lack of capital |
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| Term that refers to the Democratic electorial loyalty of the south from 1877 until 1964 |
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| Idea of Henry Grady that post-Civil War South was changed socially and economically by Reconstruction (myth) |
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| Centered around the expansion of the transcontinental RR, steel production, oil, and electricity |
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| Second Industrial Revolution |
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| The practice of rewarding governmental jobs in return for political support or financial contributions |
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| Established that governmental jobs would be awarded based on exam results and not political connections |
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| Political organization that offersservices to voters in exchange for political and financial support. |
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| The policy that discouraged governmental regulation of private business and economical issues |
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| Gilded Age industrial giants that amassed fortunes at the expense of their workers ie Carnegie, Rockefeller |
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| Type of business organization that eliminates competition or streamlines production to dominate the market |
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| SC decision that upheld Granger laws and government could regulate private business for the good of the public |
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| SC decision that struck down a Granger law restricting RR because states cannot regulate interstate commerce |
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| Technique employed by unions to use the strength of numbers to negotiate for better wages etc. |
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| Labor union/labor leader of the late 19th/ early 20th century lead the American Federation of Labor |
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| Leader of the American Railway Union and founder of the American Socialist Party |
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| Phase of immigration beginning in 1880s characterized by SE European immigrants |
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| Nativist inspired act designed to prohibit Chinese immigration to the US |
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| Devised used by Southern state governments to prohibit African Americans from voting |
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| Poll tax/Literacy test/Grandfather clause |
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| Belief that applied "survical of the fittest" idea to society and discouraged govt intervention in economics |
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| Progressive idea that social injustices could be reformed using Christian principles assoc. with Washington Gladden |
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| Series of SC decidions that allowed businesses to use 14th Amend to protect themselves from anti-trust laws |
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| African American leader that founded the Tusegee Institute and preached equality through economic dev. |
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| African American leader that demanded immediate equality and helped form the NAACP; wrote The Crisis |
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| 1896 SC Decision that upheld the constitutionality of segregation laws |
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| Laws designed to force white supremacy and separate the races economically and socially in the South |
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| Wrote Century of Dishonor and advocated the assimilation of Native Americans through boarding schools |
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| Assimilationist law that transformed the tribal nature of Native Americans to independent farmers |
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| Theory developed by Fredrick J. Turner in his work The Significance of the West |
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| A farmers' organization that evolved into a political group that sponsored state leg to curb power of RR |
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| Policy advocated by Populist that supported the use of both gold and silver in the circulation of currency. |
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| Political movement of 1890s that supported farmers and laborers over the elites ended with results of 1896 election |
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| Protest of unemployed workers and their families for govt projects to relieve the panic of 1893 |
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| Established the tenets of the Populist Party including coinage of silver, graduated income tax, govt RR |
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| Speech made by William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 pres election in his support of bimetallism |
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| Writer of Our Country that was used to give belief of Christian superiority/Social Darwinism/Imperialism |
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| American naval officer who wrote Influence of the Sea that supported role of strong navy in imperialism |
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| Extreme nationalism with a belligerent foreign policy/chauvinistic patriotism |
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| The practice of adding territory to an existing country. |
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