Term
| Christopher Columbus 1451- 1509 |
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Definition
| He was an Italian seaman who sailed under the Spanish flag. On October 12, 1492,he discovered an island off the Bahamas. His discovery marked the beginning of the exploration and conquest of the New World. |
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Term
| Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) |
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Definition
| He was a Portugese prince who encouraged seamen to explore the African Coast and search for weak spots in the Moslem defense. He also set up a famous navigational school in Portugal. |
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Term
| AMERIGO VESPUCCI (1451-1512) |
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Definition
| He was an Italian navigator who sailed for Spain and explored South America. His name was given to America in 1507 by Martin Waldseemuller, who translated the account of his voyages. This book, Mundus Novus, told about the New World |
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Term
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Definition
| This was a line drawn 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. The Pope awarded Portugal all lands east of the line, while Spain received all lands west of the line. This line was used to avoid conflicts overland claims between the two countries |
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Term
| TREATY OF TORDESILLAS 1494 |
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Definition
| This treaty shifted the demarcation line of 1493 to 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. This line shift gave Spain most of North and South America while Portugal received Africa and Brazil. |
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Term
| SPANISH ARMADA'S DEFEAT 1588 |
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Definition
| The swift English ships, under the command of Sir Francis Drake, were able to defeat the large, powerful _______ that was transporting troops to invade England This victory allowed the English to colonize the New World and began English naval supremacy. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a wealthy court favorite of Elizabeth I who, in l583, inherited a patent authorizing him to establish a colony. He made three attempts to start a settlement on Roanoke Island but was unsuccessful. |
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Term
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Definition
| This was the first attempted settlement of North America by the English. The first two attempts failed and the third settlement disappeared mysteriously before a supply ship could reach the settlers. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was established by John Smith and was the first permanent English settlement in the New World. _______ was located along the banks of the James River, Virginia, and was named in honor of King James I. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a young adventurer who led and saved the Jamestown colony in 1608. He provided leadership as a member of the governing council and his return to England resulted in a starvation period for the colonists. |
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Term
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Definition
| He saved the economy of Virginia by perfecting the methods of raising and curing tobacco in 1616. |
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Term
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Definition
| This was a system used in Virginia to encourage immigration by giving 50 acres of land to any settler who brought a servant |
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Term
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Definition
This was the first elected legislature in the colonies and was composed of two representatives from each plantation. The representatives met with
the governor and council to frame laws for Virginia |
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Term
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Definition
| Nathaniel Bacon led thousands of angry back-country men against Governor Berkeley of Virginia. The governor was unwilling to fight the Indians who were attacking the settlers because he wanted to preserve the colony's fur trade. |
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Term
| ANGLICANS (CHURCH OF ENGLAND) |
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Definition
| These were worshippers of the religion started by Henry VIII because of marital disputes with the Pope. Henry Vlll established a church almost identical to the Roman Catholic Church, but the King of England, not the pope, was Head of the Church. |
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Term
| LORD BALTIMORE (GEORGE CALVERT) |
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Definition
| He was a prominent English Catholic who was seeking a haven for other Catholics In 1632, he received the land grant first promised to his father. He made Maryland into a haven for all Christians. |
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Term
| MARYLAND'S ACT OF TOLERATION 1649 |
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Definition
This act allowed freedom of worship for all Christians in Maryland to keep
the peace between Protestants and Catholics. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were loyal supporters of King Charles I. When Charles I was decapitated, they fled to Maryland. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a prominent humanitarian who led a group of proprietors and settlers to Georgia in l732. He led the colonists to victory over the Spanish and the Indians and was the most important founder of the thirteenth colony, Georgia. |
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Term
| PLYMOUTH COLONY (PILGRIMS, SEPARATISTS) |
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Definition
| In 1620, the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts in search of religious freedom. They were persecuted for wanting to "separate" from the Church of England so they emigrated to the New World on the Mayflower. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was the first elected governor of the Plymouth colony and served for 30 years in this position. He wrote his History of Plymouth Plantation in 1646. |
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Term
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Definition
| This was an agreement signed by 41 adult males before the landing at Plymouth by the Separatists. This made all settlers consent to be ruled by the majority’s will. |
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Term
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY (PURITANS, NON~
SEPARATISTS) |
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Definition
| In the 1630's, the Puritans colonized Massachusetts in present-day Boston. They did not want to “separate” from the Anglican Church, but instead they wanted to “purify” it of any remaining Roman Catholic origin. Puritanism was considered a Congressional Religion because all Puritan males had a say in government affairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| He led 1,000 Puritans to America in 1630 and was elected governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He also wrote The History of New England in 1649. |
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Term
| PURITANS (CONGREGATIONALISTS) |
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Definition
| They were led by John Winthrop, and sailed to Massachusetts in 1630 to escape religious persecution. They followed the teachings of John Calvin and believed in a theocracy that would allow the state to force all people to live and worship in an orthodox way. |
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Term
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Definition
| This bound John Winthrop and fellow Puritans to migrate to America if the British government allowed them to keep a charter which gave the Puritans virtual self government. |
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Term
| THE GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION |
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Definition
| Between the years 1630 and 1640, a large ______ of Puritans to the Massachusetts Colony took place. The vigorous persecution by King Charles I of religious dissenters brought 25,000 Puritans to America. |
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Term
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Definition
It was a doctrine created by the Frenchman John
Calvin in 1534, which rejected the authority of the Roman
Catholic church and relied on the Bible as the source of religious
truth. It also stressed the predestination of every person to grace
in harmony with God or damnation in separation from him. |
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Term
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Definition
| Because they were opposed to the Catholic Church, they or French Protestants were persecuted. This led many of them to escape persecution by traveling to the New World. |
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Term
| KING PHILIPS (METACOM) WAR 1675-76 |
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Definition
| This was a war in which the Indian chieftain destroyed dozens of towns in Massachusetts and killed hundreds of settlers because they encroached on his lands. "Metacomet" was his Indian name, therefore the name "Metacom" War. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Salem, Massachusetts, a hysterical witchcraft purge resulted in the deaths of 20 accused citizens the delusion was caused by Puritan intolerance and belief in witchcraft. This incident marked the end of Puritanism |
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Term
| ROGER WILLIAMS (RHODE ISLAND) |
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Definition
| He was a minister, and was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635 because he stated that the government had no authority over the personal opinions of individuals. In 1636, he founded Rhode Island, a colony with religious freedom, and established the first Baptist church in America. |
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Term
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Definition
| She attacked the authority of the clergy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony by stating that they were not part of the elect. She was banished to Rhode Island in 1637 when she claimed to have spoken with the Holy Spirit |
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Term
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Definition
| They were supporters of Anne Hutchinson and included many merchants, young men and women. They were named ______ because they were opposed to the rule of law. |
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Term
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Definition
| This land was first discovered by Henry Hudson. It became a Dutch colony through the efforts of the Dutch West India Company. In 1664, it was seized by Charles ll and given to his brother, the Duke of York. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Dutch West India Company tried to attract settlers to the New Netherlands by granting large estates to wealthy men who promised to bring a certain number of tenant farmers this system failed because only one was established. |
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Term
| FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT 1639 |
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Definition
| Set, up in Connecticut, this was the first constitution in the colonies. It enumerated the governments powers and allowed the men to vote for the governor. |
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Term
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Definition
| He set up the New Haven colony in 1637. It allowed only church members a voice in government. New Haven joined with other nearby towns to form the colony of Connecticut in 1662. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was attracted to the Quaker faith in 1660. His father disapproved of his religious choice and sent him to the New World, where in 1681 he set up a religious asylum in Pennsylvania for Quakers Although Pennsylvania was created for Quakers, others were invited to live there freely. |
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Term
| QUAKERS (SOCIETY OF FRIENDS) |
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Definition
These are pacifists who believe that individuals deserve recognition for their spiritual
state. They swear allegiance to God and "____" under deep
religious emotion. |
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Term
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Definition
| They referred to the Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania) as this because they exported large amounts of grain to England and other colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
| This theory stated that the colonies existed to supply the Mother Country with goods that could not be produced at home, to purchase the Mother Country’s goods with gold or silver, and to allow themselves to be exploited in anyway for the benefit of the home country. |
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Term
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Definition
| It referred to the differences and interests of each region in the U.S., whether physical, environmental, or cultural. It included the North, the South, and the West. |
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Term
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Definition
| This referred to the inefficient, slave-centered economy of the South where all land was used to grow large amounts of cash crops for export. |
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Term
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Definition
| This was the Atlantic trade in which slaves and gold from Africa; sugar, molasses, lumber, and rum from the West Indies and the colonies; and manufactured goods from Europe were to be traded, one for the other, in a _______ route. |
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Term
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Definition
| These were measures passed by Parliament in 1651, 1660, 1663, and 1696 that upheld England's mercantilistic policies towards the colonies. These acts stated that the colonies could trade only with England and no other European country. They also restricted colonial trade to English ships only. |
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Term
| ADMIRALTY COURTS,VICE-ADMIRALTY COURTS |
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Definition
| They enforced the Navigation Acts by jury until 1696. Under them, they enforced the Navigation Acts without a jury after 1696. |
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Term
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Definition
| This was a religious revival in the 1730's and 1740's. The Puritans were becoming frivolous in their beliefs, so many preachers gave sermons to frighten the people into taking religion seriously. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was one of the revivalists in The Great Awakening. He gave many sermons to the masses. His most famous one was "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was an evangelical preacher from "separate" from the Anglican Church, but instead they wanted to "purify" it of any remaining Roman Catholic origin. Puritanism was considered a Congregational Religion because all England who helped spread the flames of religious revivalism in South Carolina. He became the first national figure to spread hisdoubts about the established churches. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a Presbyterian minister who stimulated numerous conversions in prayer meetings called Refreshings. He created the Log House to train young ministers. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was William Tennents son and helped undermine support for established churches. He was part of the Great Awakening and preached revivalism. |
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Term
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Definition
The established clergy were
known as ______ and were against the Great Awakening; They
were rationalists, and they included men such as Alexander
Garden. Revivalists during the Great Awakening were known as
________. They included George Whitefield and Gilbert Tennent. |
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Term
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Definition
| It forbade the production of woolen cloth for export from the colonies, but it did not interfere seriously with the colonial economy. This and the following two acts were part of England's mercantilistic policy towards the colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
| It prohibited the manufacture of hats from the colonies, but it did not interfere seriously with the colonial economy. |
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Term
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Definition
| It placed prohibitive duties on non-English sugar, rum, and molasses imported into North America, but this act was never enforced |
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Term
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Definition
It prohibited the production of certain types of
iron implements in the colonies, but it was never enforced. |
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Term
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Definition
It was a sum of money or goods paid to the
proprietor or king to rent land |
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Term
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Definition
| This was a medieval inheritance law that awarded all of a father's property to the eldest son. This was the regulation of the line of descent that received an estate. Attacks on these aristocratic practices were led by Thomas Jefferson in the late 1700's. |
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Term
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Definition
They were white colonists at the
bottom of the social scale. They were poor, so they paid their passage to the New World by working for four or more years when they arrived in the colonies. |
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Term
| HARVARD 1636; WILLIAM & MARY 1693 |
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Definition
| This was the first college in America and was formed to train local boys for the William & Mary was founded to train a better class of clerics. |
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Term
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Definition
| She was a black poetess who published a book of poems in the late 18th century |
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Term
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Definition
It was a famous publication
from 1732 to 1158 by Benjamin Franklin am contained many‘ '
sayings emphasizing thriftiness, industry, morality, and common sense. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a newspaper editor in New York who made a written attack on the corrupt royal governor in 1735. He was arrested but was found "not guilty’ on the counts of seditious libel. |
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Term
| CHARTER COLONY (JOINT-STOCK) |
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Definition
| It was a colony that was owned and maintained by stockholders and whose type of government was chosen by the stockholders. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was a colony financed and run by the king. The king appointed a royal governor for each of his colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
It was a colony that was given to a wealthy person to alleviate the amount of money the king invested
into the colonies. The proprietor chose whatever form of
government he wanted, and made laws in his colony.
Five of the original thirteen colonies started as
proprietary colonies mid became royal colonies by the 1750’s: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, New York, and New Jersey. |
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Term
| QUEEN ANNE'S WAR 1701-1713 |
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Definition
| This war was between France and England and was caused by Louis XIV when he attempted to place his grandson on the Spanish throne. It resulted in English control over Hudson Bay, Newfoundland, and Acadia. |
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Term
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Definition
| This war was between Spain and England and was caused by his presentation of his ear to Parliament. His ear had been cut off by a Spanish captain. |
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Term
| KING GEORGES WAR 1744-1748 |
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Definition
| This was an indecisive war between France and England that was caused by the Prussian seizure of Silesia. It resulted in mutual restoration of conquests |
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Term
| FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-1760 |
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Definition
This war was a battle between France and England for North America, and Europe. It was known as the Seven Years War on the European
Continent. The British ended the War by capturing Quebec and
kicking the French out of North America. With the French defeat, England began to reassert control over her colonies. |
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Term
| ALBANY CONGRESS 1754, ALBANY PLAN OF UNION |
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Definition
| This congress met in an attempt to bring the Iroquois into the Seven Years War and to deal with other military affairs. The congress came up with the _____ Plan, which was drafted by Benjamin Franklin. It proposed that colonial defense problems be handled by a royally appointed president-general and a federal council of delegates chosen by the colonies. The Plan was rejected by the colonies and the Iroquois remained neutral during the war. |
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Term
| WILLIAM BRADDOCK MASSACRE 1755 |
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Definition
| During the French and Indian War, the colonists attempted to defeat the French in Pennsylvania. When General Braddock came through with two regiments, he was ambushed Only George Washington and other colonists survived. |
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Term
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Definition
| He led an expedition to Pennsylvania to defeat the French. In 1753 he was captured, but then released when he promised not to fight the French again. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a brilliant English general who was victorious in North America. Pittsburgh was named in his behalf after England won the French and Indian War. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a English general in North America who led the siege of Quebec in 1759. During the siege he was killed, but his forces captured Quebec. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a French general who controlled the fort of Quebec. He was surrounded by Wolfe's men, so he attacked He was killed in the siege of Quebec. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a general appointed by Pitt during the French and Indian War. He blocked the French supplies at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. |
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Term
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Definition
| It was a battle between the English and the French for control of North America. During the night half of Wolfe's men climbed a cliff protecting Quebec. In the morning, Wolfe's men had surrounded _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| It ended the French and Indian War and gave England all of the French territory in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pontiac was the Indian chief who fought the settlers moving into the Mississippi Valley. He believed that all white men were his enemies. Amherst used smallpox to defeat him. |
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Term
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Definition
| This was an attempt to appease the Indians and to prevent further clashes on the frontier. It prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachians |
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