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| form of political society that combines centralized government with a high degree of ethnic and cultural unity |
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| form of society in which family line, power and wealth are passed primarily through the female side |
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| an alliance or league of nations or people looser than a federation |
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| concerning the earliest origin of things |
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| a lengthy story or poem recounting the great deeds and adventures of a people and their heroes |
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| in trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original buyers and the retail merchants who sell to consumers |
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| a small vessel with a high deck and three triangular sails |
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| a large scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor |
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| a naturally evolved network of relations among organisms in a stable environment |
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| concerning the general characteristics of a given population, including such factors as numbers, age, gender, birth and death rates |
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| a Spanish conqueror or adventurer in the Americas |
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| an economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade, and open and accessible markets |
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| the Spanish labor system in which persons were held to unpaid service under the permanent control of their masters, though not legally owned by them |
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| a person of mixed Native American and European ancestry |
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| a medium-sized subunit of territory and governmental administrationwithin a larger nation or empire |
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| extended period when glaciers covered most of the North American continent |
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| staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilization |
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| important Mississippian culture site, near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois |
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| first European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa |
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| Flourishing West African kingdom that had its capital and university at Timbuktu |
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| mistaken term that the first European explorers gave to American lands because of the false belief that they were off the coast of Asia |
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| animal introduced by Europeans that transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains |
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| smallpox, malaria, yellow fever |
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| one of the major European diseases that devastated Native American populations after 1492 |
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| disease originating in the Americas that was transmitted back to Europeans after 1492 |
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| treaty that proclaimed a Spanish title to lands in the Americas by dividing them with Portugal |
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| wealthy capital of the Aztec Empire |
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| Indian uprising in New Mexico caused by Spanish efforts to suppress Indian religion |
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| Indian people of the Rio Grande Valley who were cruelly oppressed by the Spanish conquerors |
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| Roman Catholic religious order of friars that organized a chain of missions in California |
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| Italian-born navigator who found fame when he landed in the Americas |
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| claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first who described and mapped[1] the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River |
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| "the father of New France",the founder of Quebec City. He was also integral in opening North America to French trade, especially the fur trade. |
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| was a Spanish conquistador who initiated the conquest of the Aztec Empire on behalf of Charles V, King of Castile and Holy Roman Emperor, in the early 16th century |
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| The Mayan, Aztec, and Inca civilizations were the largest empires in the lands we now call Latin America. |
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| was a Venetian trader and explorer who gained fame for his worldwide travels, |
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| was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513 |
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