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| led by Martin Luther King ; boycotted buses and white stores which made whites shut down because they werent getting any money; peaceful protest |
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| irst town that decided to integrate their school; brought in Little Rock 9 which were the top African American teenagers in the city; many parents protested this and formed a mob outside of the school |
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| organized by M.L.K. to get a civil rights act of ’63 but it still doesn’t get passed |
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| overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal); launching right for civil rights movement |
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| document opposed to segregation in public places |
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| organizes SNCC, leads Montgomery bus boycott; organized many peaceful protest (march on Washington); civil disobedience |
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| he National Association for the Advancement in Colored People; tried to dismantle legal segregation; Thurgood Marshall was lawyer for it (later became Supreme court justice) |
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| Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee; organized by M.L.K.; protested for equal rights by doing sit-ins and etc. |
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| Southern Christian Leadership conference; aimed to mobilize the power of the black churches; 1st real activist in civil rights movement; march in Birmingham |
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| supported black power and separatism; thought they needed to arm themselves against white people; civil rights had just achieved its greatest legal and political triumphs and they wanted to separate with the whites |
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| militant black nationalists that inspired Malcolm X |
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| leader of Cuba; led revolution and seized control of gvt. /country; we got along with him until he started nationalizing our land |
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| battle between France and Vietnam and France loses and decides to make a peace treaty (Geneva press conference- divides Vietnam) |
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| place where Lt. William Calley ordered the soldiers to put all the Vietnamese that were in that village in a ditch and to shoot them; we pretended nothing happened but Americans were outraged |
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| top commander of US forces in Vietnam; led campaign against Tet offensive |
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| bombing campaign under Johnson |
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| made the war controversial; many people evaded and fled to Canada |
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| French lost control and had to split Vietnam with the communists controlling the northern part of it so we came in to fight them entry- Gulf of Tonkin Incident warfare- north Vietnam used guerilla warfare we used search and destroy missions and bombing people- NVA- north Vietnamese army, ARVN- army of the republic of Vietnam (south Vietnamese) home front- very much opposed to the war; doves (for peace)- protesters Hawks (for war)- silent majority exit strategy- slowly take out troops as we increase the bombing results- technically we lost the war because North invaded the South right after we left |
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| his rulings showed the concern for the individual; Nixon sis not like |
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| took over the defense department; creates flexible response |
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| created under JFK part of New Frontier policy; called for volunteerism and aid to underdeveloped nations; creates good image for America |
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| wanted containment and public service through the New Frontier; refocuses FBI to fight organized crime; organized Bay of Pigs and resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis; assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald |
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| called for volunteerism like the peace corps and vista corps; funding for education; and department of urban affairs JFK’s domestic policy |
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| increases money on conventional military; creation of special forces; made to match any military situation that seemed to arise |
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| said he wanted complete disarmament; threatened to make a treaty with East Germany and cut off Western access to Berlin- Kennedy won’t give in; N.K had missiles set up in Cuba which we saw and naval quarantined- then he finally compromised and took the missiles out of Cuba |
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| Earl Warren was given the investigation of JFK’s death but could not conclude anything with all the theories and doubts; theories- Oswald acted alone-magic bullet theory-investigative notes sealed for 100 years-more questions than answers |
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| under JFK; we sent defiant Cubans into Cuba to overthrow Castro but it didn’t work |
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| we saw that the soviets were putting missiles in Cuba so we naval quarantine- results- soviets remove missiles from Cuba and US in turn removes missiles from Turkey |
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| Gang leader who killed Lee Harvey Oswald (no clues to why he really did it; some theories are that he and Oswald were worked together to kill the pres.) |
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| leader of south Vietnam (who we supported even though he was a evil dictator) we overthrow him in a small coup |
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| leader of south Vietnam (who we supported even though he was a evil dictator) we overthrow him in a small coup |
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| D-*John F. Kennedy* R- Richard Nixon |
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| D- Hubert Humphrey R- *Richard Nixon* I- George Wallace |
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| D- *Jimmy Carter* R- Gerald Ford |
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| D- Jimmy Carter R- *Ronald Reagan* I- John Anderson |
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| D- *Bill Clinton* R- George Bush I- Ross Perot |
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| D- Albert Gore R- *George Bush* I- Ralph Nader |
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| first unelected pres.; pardons Nixon; attends the Helsinki Accords (human rights conference); lets Vietnamese refugees come to US; Reduces power of Federal government |
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| liberal; promotes expansion of gvt.; anti abortion 1st democrat since ’64; foreign- humanitarian diplomacy |
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| first woman elected as VP; Democrat Walter Mondale picked her during his campaign against Reagan |
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| ended Vietnam war with vietnamization; foreign policy- realpolitik-doing whatever furthers the growth of the United States; like Détente; southern strategy- slows down civil rights movement in order to get southern legislators on his side |
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| Attorney General (hated by Hoover) wanted to recast the priorities of the FBI |
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| ran against Clinton and Bush; known as Washington outsider; anti NAFTA |
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| civil rights; a group of people rented out bus systems and they would go into bus terminals and sit in the wrong seat; their goal was to integrate the bus terminals |
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| illegal to discriminate in terms of race |
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| Engel v. Vitale- could have prayer in school; Griswold v. Connecticut- overturned the no birth control law; Miranda v. Arizona- police have to tell you what your rights are; Escobedo v. Illinois- the right to have an attorney present |
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| says that blacks should be powerful role models and should be separated from whites; goes on pilgrimage to Mecca comes back and thinks that blacks should work together with whites |
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| secretary of NAACP; refuses to give her seat up to a white person |
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| peaceful protest; group of college kids would go into restaurants and sit in the white seating; they would get beaten by whites |
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| eliminated by the 24th amendment |
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| policy that doesn’t get passed under JFK; pass under LBJ |
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| if the US didn’t fight in Vietnam other countries would lose their faith in America’s will and would tumble one after another into the soviets hands |
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| through reaganomics; the gap between rich and poor grew and the middle class didn’t exist |
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| riots started because blacks thought the police had killed an African American for no reason; national guard came in; started black power (separatism) |
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| GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION |
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| law that allowed Johnson to use further force in Southeast Asia |
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| north Vietnamese order a massive attack during the Tet holiday (they start bringing in supplies throughout the day and held the biggest single attack ended up beinga huge loss for north Vietcong |
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| Linden B. Johnson- policy- Great Society; war on poverty |
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| civil rights plays a big part; ’65 immigration and neutralization act- changed ethnic make-up; voting rights act of ’65- gave African Americans more rights, and pointed out the they weren’t allowed to vote in the south; aid to education and Medicaid/medicare |
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| Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty; agreement to limit the growth of nukes (between soviets and US |
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| the easing of tensions- for open relations and negotiations (Nixon) |
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| group of former CIA people; their job was to find leaks in the government (john Mitchell –leader) |
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| committee to re-elect the president; posted bail for Watergate break-in |
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| Nixon orders people to break in to the democrats office and hide a microphone in it but they get caught |
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| when Nixon fired his own special prosecutor appointed to investigate the Watergate scandal and his attorney general and deputy attorney general because they had refused to go along with the prosecutor |
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| Fired in the Saturday Night Massacre |
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| Nixon’s VP who would later resign to escape implications of the Watergate scandal |
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| police have to read you your rights |
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| Nixon was invited to China; China’s not recognized in the UN; we offer stuff to China to end the war (because they are backing north Vietnam) |
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| Nixon goes to Russia; we open up a grain deal and soviet union promises to buy a lot of grain |
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| USSR/communism= evil empire; a Korean airline goes off course and flies into part of Soviet Union- they immediately shoot it down; shows signs of their weakened state- Reagan starts challenging Gorbachev |
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| would give complete control of the canal back |
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| we invade Panama trying to capture Noriega (brutal dictator); he hides in a church and we get him out by playing rock music |
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| brutal dictatOR IN PANAMA; KILLED PPL RUNNING AGAINST HIM IN ELECTIONS |
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| Kuwait had lent a lot of money to Iraq but Iraq couldn’t pay them back so Kuwait started pumping oil out of the well; Saddam invades Kuwait we tell him to back off but he doesn’t; bush makes US coalition to fight against Saddam (successful) |
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| supports tax cuts and the patriot act; invades Afghanistan |
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| overthrows the shah of Iran and declares a religious war; had told Saddams followers to overthrow him |
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| president of Egypt; attends a summit conference at Camp David along with Menachem Begin of Israel ; they sign the 1st peace treaty between Egypt and Israel – their people not happy |
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| wants to change the soviet union; signs the INF treaty; and creates 2 reforms- Glasnost (openness) free press, free religion, free speech; Peristoika (economic reform- capitalism) can open your own business; allowed foreign investment |
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| Chinese see soviet reforms and want “glasnost” for themselves; start protests |
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| Iranians storm the embassy and take US hostages and demand for their Shah back |
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| Reagan wants to end Sandinista regime in Nicaragua and wants hostages back; We tell Iran that we will sell them missiles id they get our hostages back and we use that money to give to the Sandinistas |
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| where Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Israel sign a peace treaty |
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| Gerald Ford pardons Nixon so that the US would come together again |
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| AMNESTY FOR DRAFT EVADERS |
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| Ford grants amnesty for the draft dodgers so that they would come back to the US |
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| SUPPLY-SIDE ECONOMICS (REAGANOMICS) |
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| provided tax cuts,the trickledown theory (invest into a corporation who will in turn give jobs) down side- gap between rich and poor grows |
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| SDI strategic defense initiative- to alleviate some of our fears (satellite system in outer space to get rid of ICBM’s) made other nations believe that we were so much more advanced |
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| secular leader of Iraq; doesn’t like Ayatollah’s religious laws; attacks Iran |
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| conservative justice appointed to the supreme court by Reagan |
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| required all federal contractors to stand against discrimination |
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| when whites thought that they were now being the ones treated unequally |
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| evangelical Christian group that supported the “New Right” movement (liked Ronald Reagan) |
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| small island that was taken over by a communist group; US invades and throws out rebels and puts the old gvt. back in (done very quickly) gave new confidence to the American people |
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| young kids that just want to get rich |
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| democratic candidate; wants to balance budget; new democratic platform- pro-growth, strong defense, reform welfare system, overhauling healthcare system |
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| Bill Clinton’s VP; governor of Texas |
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| Bill Clinton’s wife; 1st first lady to be elected to the Senate; put in charge of the Healthcare Task Force |
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| signed by Clinton; gun control laws calls for waiting period and an assault weapons ban |
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| Timothy McVeigh loaded a truck up with bombs and blew up and FBI building (militia groups formed- they think the will have to fight the gvt.) |
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| required able bodied welfare recipients to find employment |
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| 1996 Republican candidate |
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| north American free trade agreement; hated by liberals; drops tariffs (Clinton) |
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| had a famine because of natural disasters; warlords took over because they were weak; we sent food supplies but the warlords kept taking them; we were in and left |
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| genocide breaks out (we ignore it and pretend it’s not genocide) |
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| (in Yugoslavia) wants independence, Serbia doesn’t let them so they do ethnic cleansing (take people out of their homes and put Serbians in, us troops go and stop genocide (UN resolution) |
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| Israeli signer (middle east peace accords) 1st peace treaty provide base for Palestinian side |
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| Palestinian signer PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) |
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| secretary of state appointed by Clinton; tried to help out with Israelis and Palestinians |
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| the search for weapons of mass destruction |
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| had an affair with Clinton (he lied under oath) she was a white house intern) |
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| special prosecutor; investigated Clinton affair |
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| 2000 election republican candidate; supported tax cuts and patriot act |
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| independent candidate- ran on the green campaign |
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| bush ends up winning after they stop the re-count; BUTTERFLY BALLOTS |
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| voted that Clinton shouldn’t be evicted |
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| planes hijacked by Al Queda crashed into the world trade center |
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| organized 9/11; motivation- upset of Saddam; Saudi wouldn’t let him kill Saddam (he’s mad because they are letting American’s into the Holy Land) |
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| communist about to be overthrown so USSR tries to keep them in power. We arm people on the other side and eventually the soviets are forced to leave |
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| sunni v Shiite; Shiite want payback so they start fighting the Sunnis and they fight back, US troops are trying to keep the peace Sunnis don’t think they are minority |
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| BUSH DOCTRINE (PREEMPTIVE STRIKE) |
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| don’t wait for country to attack first then strike back |
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| gave gvt. more power to watch, question, and interrogat |
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