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Hernado Cortes

Indenture System

Indentured Servants

Generally lived 15-20 years longer than Englanders living in England.

Puritans kept cohesive family units

Homogenous nature in everything

Enjoyed a very stable and ordered society

Widespread literacy

Economy based on home industry, small farming, fishing and especially on trade and shipbuilding. 

People lived shorter lives than their New England counterparts.

Used Indenture system (which was greatly abused).

40% of Chesapeake indentured servants were never free.

Essentially, they adopted the English country gentry lifestyle.

• A country should stockpile wealth.
• Colonies used for the benefit of the mother country
• exports should big larger than imports
• Tightly regulated economies

In 1662 clergymen proposed this covenant due to the increasing interest in matterial wealth instead of heavenly wealth.

-Allowed for church memebership to maintain

-ultimate goal was to assure the church would always have some kind of influence in society.

Indians felt threated by Colonist who were persistent in trying to convert them to Christianity.

2000 settlers lost their lives before the Indian tribe ruled by King Philip (Metacomet) was subdued.

Sir Edmond Andros

The Glorious Revolution in which James II (catholic) was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange. The revolution was bloodless.

• Americans embraced European ways of thought culture and society
• More rationalism, less God.
• Benjamin Franklin was the most notable in America, and he did not deny the existence of God.

What was the Great Awakening?

What other movement did it respond to?

A series of religious revival

Divided America's churchgoers between "old lights" and "new lights"

"Old lights" opposed the revivals

"New Lights" supported revivals

It responded to "Enlightenment".

Fought over Ohio valley.

The conflict began in the Colonies but soon spread to Europe in what was better known as the Seven Year's War

Benjamin Franklin's proposal of an Intercolonial Government was rejected.

Washington first appeared on the scene during this conflict.

British after suffering early defeats, came back and defeated the French under Brad Pittman (an energetic and capable prime minister).

Treaty of Paris 1763 ended hostilities. France lost all of their holdings in North American.

• First time a direct revenue tax was imposed on the colonies.
• Forced Colonists to purchase revenue stamps to purchase goods.
• Colonists responded with petitions, pamphlets, violence, and intimidation of American's whose jobs were to provide stamps to buy

• Strongly anti-american Prime Minister.
• Passed many acts that indirectly taxed Americans, and was the first Prime Minister to impose a revenue tax.
• Was disposed of by King George III due to things of different nature rather than the growing unrest in American Colonies.

• Act passed by Parliament that said it had power over American's in "in all cases whatsoever."

What did the Townshend Acts do?

What did they cause?

Who proposed them?

• Placed more indirect taxes on Colonists
• Eventually the "Boston massacre
• Exchequer Charles Townsheand

After experiencing a relative peace after the repeal of the Townshend acts, what act resumed the unrest?

How did the colonists combat this act?

Tea Act of 1773

Boston Tea Party, Tarring and Feathering.

What were the Intolerable Acts?

• 1) Closed the Port of Boston to punish Bostonians for the Boston Tea Party.
• 2) Increased the power of royal officials and reduced local legislation
• 3) Royal Officials accused of crime could go else where for trial, usually to places where acquittal would be more likely
• 4) Allowed for mandatory troop quartering when Parliament deemed it necessary

• For petitioning of Intolerable Acts
• To gather militia in event of British agression
• To denounce of Intolerable Acts

Why did the British attack Concord?

Did British have success?

At Lexington who won?

• To confiscate arms from Minutemen.
• No, they were pushed back
• British

• British fighting against Minutemen who had trapped them in Boston.
• British won but only due to the American's lack of ammunition
• Bloodiest battle of American Revolution

• Debated over the measure of their insurrection (whether to declare independence or have demands) (Northerners prefered Independence, Southerners anti independence)
• Eventually decided for Independence.

• Continental Army was pushed back to this location after a skirmish because of a lack training and thick fog
• Valley forge was a rough winter for the Continentals

• Convinced the French to enter into the war against the British Army
• First decisive victory for Americans

• Focused on controlling the south (which had a large amount of loyalists in it)
• Attack from the South all the way to the North.

• A strong navy to combat the British with.

Importance of the Battle of Yorktown?

What happened?

• In essence, the American's won the war with Saratoga
• General Cornwallis disobeyed orders, by bring the British further North. The general above him, told him to stop and take a defensive position. He did on the peninsula of Yorktown, Virginia. The French Navy blockaded the port, and Washington finished the fight on land.

• Generally kept their charters and removed everything about being tied to Britian since they were republican in nature.
• Some rewroted it entirely almost all consisted of a bill of rights and general checks and balances

In the Summer of 1776 the colonies worked on a frame of government. What was it called?

Was it a weak or strong Gov?

• Articles of Confederation
• Weak

 What did the Northwest Ordinance consist of?

• Allowed for orderly distribution of land
• Requirements for territories to meet before becoming states
• Provided a bill of rights for settlers and forbade slavery north of the Ohio River

Pro- opportunity to escape the economic hard times

Cons- Danger of Indians and British forts still occupied by British soldiers.

• America struggled after breaking from Britian to become economically secure.
• Treaty gave Spain lucrative commercial priviledges and United States got them to halt trade flowing from Mississippi