Term
| Which English king broke away from the Catholic church? What church did he form? What other religious groups formed from his actions? |
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Definition
| King Henry VIII; Church of England/Anglican Church; Puritans and Separatists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church by removing all Catholic elements and excluding uncommitted people. |
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Term
| Who were the Separatists? |
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Definition
| An extreme group of Puritans who wanted to break away altogether from the Anglican Church; later called Pilgrims. |
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Term
| Who founded Puritanism? Explain this person's beliefs. |
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Definition
| John Calvin. He believed that God was all powerful and good, and that humans, because of sin, were weak and wicked. He believed in predestination; the belief that God was all-knowing and knew beforehand who would go to heaven or hell. The "elect" were chosen by God to have salvation. A conversion experience was supposedly a sign from God that one had been chosen to go to heaven. Once this conversion experience was qualified, the person became a "visible saint", and was expected to lead holy lives as an example. |
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Term
| When did the Separatists (pilgrims) leave Britain? Where was their primary destination? What religion did they practice? |
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Definition
| 1608, went to Holland and practiced Calvinism. |
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Term
| Why did the Pilgrims leave Holland, and where did they go from there, and aboard what ship? |
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Definition
| They didn't like the "dutchification" of their children. They were headed to Virginia as indentured servants but ended up at the New England coast, aboard the Mayflower. Plymouth Bay was their settlement site. |
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Term
| Describe the Mayflower Compact. |
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Definition
| An agreement between the people aboard the Mayflower; it provided for majority rule among the settlers, which became an important seed of democracy. It's purpose was to legitimize the Pilgrims' settlement outside of Virginia. |
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Term
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Definition
| An English-speaking Indian who helped the Pilgrims with growing corn and where to fish...also introduced them to Massasoit, who was the leader of the Wampanoag Indians. |
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Term
| Where did the Thanksgiving holiday originate from? |
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Definition
| The Wampanoag Indians; the Pilgrims adopted the custom, it was a time to give thanks for the harvest and lasted 3 days, became an annual event. |
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Term
| How long did the peace between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoags last? |
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Definition
| 41 years; until Massasoit's death. |
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Term
| Were the Pilgrims successful? |
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Definition
| Eventually they prospered with fur, fish, and lumber. |
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Term
| Who was William Bradford? |
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Definition
| A prominent leader of the Pilgrims in Plymouth, he was elected governor 30 times. |
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Term
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Definition
| A military leader who was hired to accompany the Pilgrims. (he led many expeditions against the Wampanoags, yet Massasoit still honored his treaty despite this fact) |
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Term
| What happened to the Plymouth colony? |
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Definition
| It merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 because the king refused to grant the Pilgrims a legal charter for Plymouth Plantation. |
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Term
| Why did the non-Separatist Puritans come to America? What colony did they form? |
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Definition
| Charles I dismissed Parliament and sanctioned anti-Puritan persecution. Also, Archbishop Laud opposed any separation from the Church of England. They formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, out of fear for their faith and England's future. |
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Term
| What was the Cambridge Agreement? |
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Definition
| Signed in England, turned the corporate charter into a government that became it's constitution for many years. |
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Term
| What was the Great Migration? |
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Definition
| A time where thousands of people from England immigrated to Boston, Massachusetts because of the turmoil in England. The English Civil War, which lasted from 1642-1649, ended the Great Migration. |
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Term
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Definition
| The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
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Term
| What was the Covenant Theology? |
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Definition
| Winthrop's belief that the Puritans had a covenant with God to lead new religious experiments in New World. He said "we shall build a city on a hill". Massachusetts became the largest and most influential of New England colonies. |
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