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represents the half of the Republicans, the progressives - nominated TR
called "Bull Moose" because TR said he felt "as strong as a bull moose" which then became the unofficial Progressive symbol |
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| the platform that Wilson (D) ran on which emphasized TRUST BUSTING |
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| the platform that TR(R, Progressive) ran on which emphasized TRUST REGULATION |
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1914, Wilson's domestic policy
stresses trust busting, protects labor unions (by exempting them from being called trusts), and legalized strikes
lengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust act |
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| Federal Trade Commission (FTC) |
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1914, trust REGULATION
Wilson appeases business by appointing conservatives to FTC |
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| TR's foreign policy, basically, imperialism |
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| Taft's foreign policy, to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. Protects big business. |
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| Wilson's foreign policy, moralistic intentions, not for monopolistic gain or power, we were a city on a hill |
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1916, foreign policy
granted full territorial status to the Philippines and promised independence -- made Wilson look more like TR than "missionary diplomacy" |
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| consumer buys on basis of want that is seen as a necessity for their identity - we are brainwashed to believe that the items we buy make up who we are |
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| "triple wall of privilege" |
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| reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax |
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| a tax based on income with rates that gradually rise as the level of income rises |
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a result of a plead for a reform of the back system
created the Federal Reserve Board |
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| oversaw nationwide system of twelve regional reserve districts, each with its own central bank, and had the power to issue paper money |
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| Federal Trade Commission Act |
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| 1914 - empowered a president - appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, and bribery |
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| Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 |
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| made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest |
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| permitted loans on the security of staple crops |
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| La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915 |
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| required good treatment of America's sailors, but it sent merchant freight rates soaring as a result of the most to maintain sailor health |
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| Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916 |
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| granted assistance of federal civil service employees during periods of instability (including disabilities) -- later invalidated by the Supreme Court |
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| established an eight-hour workday with overtime pay |
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| General Victoriano Huerta |
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| Indian who was the Mexican president installed in 1913 |
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| American General that was sent to capture Pershing, clashed with their armies but didn't find Villa |
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| German leader in World War I |
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| a British passenger liner that was carrying arms and munitions as well but was attacked, Americans were on board and were killed |
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| Republicans chose him to run against Wilson in the 1916 elections |
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| unrestricted submarine warfare |
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| means U-boats would be firing on armed and unarmed ships in the war zone |
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| written by German foreign secretary, proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico promising parts of US if they won |
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| set of idealistic goals for peace |
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| independence for oppressed minority groups who'd choose their government |
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| an international organization that would keep the peace and settle world disputes |
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| Committee on Public Information |
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| "sell" the war to gain support by using pamphlets, posters, billboards, etc. Appealed to emotion rather than logic. |
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| headed the Committee on Public Information |
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| 1917, reflected American fears, paranoia about Germans, and perceiving others as a threat |
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| 1918, reflected American fears, paranoia about Germans, and perceiving others as a threat |
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| IWW leader who was arrested, convicted, and sent to prison because the their freedom of speech was harmful to the nation |
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| Council of National Defense |
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| Wilson created it to study problems with mobilization and launch a shipbuilding program |
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| head of the War Industries Board |
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| never had much power and were disbanded after the war was over... didn't even really have a real purpose |
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| headed by Taft settled any possible labor difficulties than might hamper war efforts |
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| American Federation of Labor (AF of L) |
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| represented skilled laborers who loyally supported the war (unlike anti-war IWW) |
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| woman suffragists who were pacifists and against the war |
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| leader of the National Woman's Party |
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| National American Woman's Suffrage Association |
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| woman suffragists who supported the war because they want to help shape the peace (by getting the vote) |
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| Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act of 1921 |
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Congress affirming its support of women in their traditional roles in the home
federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care |
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| head of the Food Administration |
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| a hugely successful voluntary food drive, highly influential especially during WWI, got people to give up things voluntarily to give to the awr effort |
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| prohibited the sale, distribution, or consumption of alcohol (a strong German practice = drinking) |
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| a type of savings bond used by nations to help fund war efforts |
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| communists who seized control of Russia and withdrew then from the war |
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| 1918, French Marshal Foch led American troops for the first time and pushed Germans back |
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| Allies pushed Germany back some more, marking a German withdrawal that was never again effectively reversed |
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| Americans cut off German railroad lines and took many casualties, ultimately pushing them to surrender |
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| became a hero in WWI by single-handedly killing 20 Germans and capturing 132 of them |
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| an intelligent Senator who was Wilson's greatest enemy |
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| Italy, France, Britain, and US |
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| formally placed blame on Germany and charged them $33 billion for war costs |
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forced upon Germany under the threat that if they didn't the war would resume
didn't contain much of the Fourteen Points
kind of split up Europe for the Big Four (minus US) |
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| vice presidential candidate for the Republicans (under Harding) |
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| Democrats presidential candidate |
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| vice presidential candidate for the Democrats (under Cox) |
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| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
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| radical union that spoke out against the war |
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| 1919, Supreme Court ruled that freedom of speech could be revoked if it was harmful to the nation |
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| American leader after we demanded our own army, not just following French or British |
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| Republican candidate for president, eventually won, ran on platform that appealed to all people, pro- and anti- League |
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The Birth of a Nation (1915)
first sit down film in America, celebrated the KKK from protecting southerners from "animal blacks" |
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Supreme Court
"separate but equal"
Government turned their backs on blacks; even they knew it wasn't equal yet chose to ignore it |
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1919
worst riot in history, whites turn on blacks |
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Former slave
autobiography = Up From Slavery
founded Tuskegee Institute
"put your bucked down where you are" |
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| "Put your bucket down where you are" |
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accept the face that there is race hate; appease and help whites so they like you
Brooker T. Washington |
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Lived in the North (Harvard graduate)
Belief in "Talented Tenth"
Helps found NAACP |
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idea that 10% of blacks were super-smart and needed to go to school and work for big names to make something of themselves
WEB DuBois |
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"Black is Beautiful"
Back to Africa movement |
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| Harlem Renaissance of 1920s |
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| the first time "black art" was cool with whites |
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| "New Negro", Jazz Age (Louis Armstrong), Cotton Club |
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| the first time "black art" (or black culture) was cool with whites and accepted |
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| American Wallstreet loaned major money to the allies. If British were to have lost, those loans would have never gotten paid. It is possible that Wilson was protecting American investments by going into WWI, not for altruistic reasons. |
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| First congresswoman ever elected. Was the only one who voted against WWI. |
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| "A rich's man's war, but a poor boy's fight." |
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| Socialist critique on WWI; they argue we were fighting to protect capitalism |
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| Convincing people to make their own decisions to give things up for the war. Freely support for the war without government coercion - VERY AMERICAN IDEA. emphasizes CIVIC VIRTUE |
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| motivational songs to inspire Americans to volunteerism |
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| American Expeditionary Force (AEF) |
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| the name for the US army in WWI - sounds like you're going on a picnic for a little adventure instead of going off to fight a bloody war! |
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| WWI term for American soldiers |
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| WWI government term for the draft. Made people feel like they were special. |
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| a loose organization by the federal government to co-ordinate the economy for war production |
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| the federal government board to convince labor unions not to strike (successful with the AFL but not the IWW) |
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| Americans should grow veggies on their own so Americans can send produce abroad, highly successful Food Administration tactic |
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| Committee for Public Information (CPI) |
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| headed by George Creel, made wartime propaganda especially using the techniques of modern advertising |
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| Why did US yes volunteerism to mobilize homefront? (Europe never did that!) |
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1. government is best that governs least
2. virtue of the citizen = progressive
3. US could afford it because we weren't on the battlefield! |
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| 1919-1920, we got paranoid about communism. Led to raids to round up and arrest suspected communists |
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| Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer |
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"Fighting Quaker"
Used a series of raids in the Red Scare to round up and arrest suspected communists |
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| Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti |
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| 1921, two Italian men (who were also atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers) convicted and charged with murdering a paymaster on dodgy evidence -- scared the immigrant community |
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the new KKK in the 1920s was anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, anti-black, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, anti-revolutionist, anti-bootlegger, anti-gambling, anti-adultery, and anti-birth control
they were pro White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) but anti everything else |
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| immigrants flooded in from southeastern Europe to which Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act |
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| 1921, newcomers from Europe were restricted at any year to a quota (highly favored eastern Europeans) |
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| Replacement law for the Emergency Quota Act. Cut the quota from 3% to 2% - racial undertones and nativism |
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| prohibited sale and production of alcohol, only country every to do this, restricting diet for Germans and Irish |
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