Term
Headright System
What was it?
Benefits? |
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Definition
What was it? - A system to encourage the importation of servant workers. Under its terms, whoever paid the passage of a laborer recieved 50 acres of land
Benefits? - Only the masters reaped the benefits. This led to the creation of merchant planters with vast holdings of real estate. White slaves made up 3/4 of all immigrants to Virginia and Maryland in the 17th century. |
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Term
The Great Migration
What was it? |
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Definition
| What was it?- A time during the 1630's when 70,00 refugees left England. Not all were Puritans and only 20,00 came to MA. MAnny were attracted to the West Indies. |
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Term
| The original reason for the Monroe Doctrine |
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Definition
Reason?- 2
1. Noncolonization
2. Nonintervention
He declared the era of colonization in the Americas had ended. |
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Term
Primogeniture
What was it? |
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Definition
| What was it? -Laws that stated the eldest sons (first born) were the only ones eligible to inherit landed estates. This led to many "second sons" seeking land and wealth to travel to the Americas. |
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Term
The era of good feelings
What was it?
when was it?
Was it real?
What caused it to end? |
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Definition
What was it? -Phrase used to describe Monroe's presidencies. It was a time of considerable tranquility and prosperity.
When was it? - Began in 1816 ended with the panic of 1819
Was it real? - No
What caused it to end?- |
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Term
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Who?
What?
Importance?
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Definition
Who? Written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
What? They were resolutions that were passed through in 1798-1799 in response to the Alien and Sedition acts.
Importance? They stressed the compact theory, which stated that the states had the final say on national matters. |
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Term
Treat of Paris-1783
What was it?
Provisions?
Shortcomings? |
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Definition
What was it? The British recognized the independence of the US.
Provisions? Boundaries were established (north at Canadian border, west to the Mississippi and South to Florida). American fishing ships were given unlimited access to newfoundland.
Shortcomings? the US agreed to not interfere with the British and people who owed them money. The US would compensate loyalists whose property had been confiscated.
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Term
Stono River
What was it?
Where was it?
Why was it important?
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Definition
What was it? The site of a slave revolt in 1739.
Where was it? South Carolina
Why was it important? 5o blacks tried to march to spanish Florida. Enslaved africans were more highly controlled than indentured whites. |
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Term
| Tough life in Chesapeake Colonies |
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Definition
| Life in Chesapeeake Bay was rough. Malaria and typhoid were rampant. Cutting ten years off of the life expectency the great majority died before 50. Women were outnumber 6-to-1 in 1650. Families were scarce. Marriages were destroyed within 7 years. |
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Term
Spoils System
What was it?
What president?
Spread of democracy?
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Definition
What was it?- Is like patronage today. It's where you can get a government position simply because you know the president.
What president?- Andrew Jackson introduced it.
Spread of democracy?- Although many people were unqualified it did help to cement party loyalty . |
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Term
John Winthrop
Who was he?
Why important? |
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Definition
Who was he?- Was Massachusett's Bay first governor. He was a pious man that distrusted common people.
Why important?- He helped the colony flourish and he said, "we shall be a city upon a hill". He meant for MA to be an example for all of humanity. |
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Term
| Types of settlers in Virginia and Maryland? |
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Definition
| The majority of settlers were single men between late teens and early twenties. Women were scarce. |
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Term
John Quincy Adams as president
Success or failure?
Handicapped?
Why?
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Definition
John Q Adams was one of the most prepared men for presidency,
Success or failure?- But he was stymied in his progress by Jackson.
Handicapped?- He had some good ideas but he was illsuited for the presidency.
Why?- He was faced with great opposition. |
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Term
| Roger Williams and Rhode Island |
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Definition
| Roger Williams?- Challenged the legality of the MA Bay Charter. He said the government couldn't regulate religious behavior. He supported Indian rights and founded Rhode Island, which had complete religious freedom. Christians and Jews, even Quakers. Rhode Island offered remarkable opportunity. It was called a "sewer". It became very individualistic and independent. |
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Term
Fighting during the war of 1812
American Success? |
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Definition
American Success? The American success in the war of 1812 were mainly in naval battles. Like the battle of Lake Champlain. Also the battle of New Orleans and the battle of Lake Erie.
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Term
Whiskey Rebellion
Importance of? |
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Definition
| Importance of?- The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794, challenged the new government. Washington organized a militia and ended the rebellion. Proved Washington's government commanded respect. |
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Term
Salem witchcraft trials
When?
Where?
What?
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Definition
When?- 1692
Where?- Salem, Massachusetts
What?- There was a witchcraft hysteria because people were very superstitious. Also there was turmoil from a war with the Indians. Women who owned property or who were associated with the bargaining economy. The witch trials reflected the widening social stratification of New England. |
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Term
| Economic impact of the war of 1812? |
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Definition
| Manufacturing prospered, and in an economic sense, the war bred greater economic independence. |
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Term
Sam Adams
Who was he?
Role in independence? |
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Definition
Who was he?- From Boston, he was the second cousin of John Adams. He was unimpressive in appearence and lived for politics.
Role in Independence?- His signal contribution was to organize in Massachusetts the local committees of correspondence. Adams was the leading spirit in hosting the Boston Tea Party. He was sent by Massachusetts to the first Continental Congress of 1774. He signed the Declaration of Independence and served in congress until 1781. He was an antifederalist. |
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Term
William Pitt
Who was he?
Importance of his leadership? |
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Definition
Who was he?- Also known as "the great commoner" because of his leadership during the French and Indian War. Got much of his strength from common people.
Importance of his leadership?- In 1757 Pitt became a foremost leader in the London government. Quickly earned the title "organizer of victory". Picked young and energetic leaders. His strategies helped the British eventually win the war. |
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Term
Salutary Neglect
What was it? |
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Definition
| What was it?- (1688-1763) unofficial policy of relaxed royalty control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War in 1763. |
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Term
Treaty of Ghent
When?
What war did it end?
Provisions?
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Definition
When?- 1815
What war did it end?- Ended the war of 1812 in a virtual draw.
Provisions?- Restored prewar borders but failed to address any of the grievances that first brought America into the war. |
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Term
| Impact of European Colonization on Native population? |
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Definition
| In 1492 before colonization, there was a population of about 100 million in north America. Soon after colonization, 90% of the population died off. Due to the Columnian Exchange, diseases were brought over from the New World that the Indians were not immune to and it was disastrous for them. |
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Term
Bacon's Rebellion
What was it?
Why important? |
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Definition
What was it?- (1676) Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; initially a response to Governor William Berkeley's refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian attacks.
Why important?- the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 AD; maize, beans, and squash were grown together to maximize yields. |
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Term
| Dominant colonizing power to the New World in the 1500's |
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Definition
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Term
| What group dominated political power and econimc power in the southern colonies? |
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Definition
| Democratic republicans; wealthy planters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Often fiery sermons lamenting the warning piety of parishoners first delivered in New England in the mid-seventeenth century; named after the doom-saying Old Testament prophet Jeremiah |
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Term
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Definition
| Alleged deal between presidential candidates John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to throw the election. to be decided by the House of Representatives, in Adams' favor. When Adams became president, he made Clay the secretary of state. Though never proven, the accusation became the rallying cry for the supporters of Andrew Jackson, who had actually garnered a plurality of the popular vote in 1824. |
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Term
American military leaders during the war of 1812
Who?
Where?
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Definition
Who- Oliver Hazard Perry, General Harrison, Thomas Macdonough, Andrew Jackson
Where- OP- captured a british fleet in lake Erie, GH- overtook the British at Detroit and Fort Malden in the Battle of Thames, TM- naval officer who forced the invading British army near Plattsburg to retreat he saved upper new york from conquest, AJ- defended New Orleans
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Term
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Definition
Elastic Clause- also known as the tenth ammendment
Meaning- evolved the Constitution into a "loose" or "broad" interpretation |
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Term
The orders in council
what?
who?
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Definition
What? Edicts issued by the british crown closing french owned european ports to foreign shipping. The french responded by ordering the seizure of all vessels entering British Ports, thereby cutting off American merchants from trade with both parties.
Who- French, British, americans
When- 1806-1807 |
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Term
| Rights of colonial women? |
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Definition
| Women were said to be equal, but were not treated this way. Some women did serve (disguised as men) in the military, and NJ's new constitution in 1776 even, for a time, enabled women to vote. The idea of civic virtue rook place in the revolutionary era. This concept was the notion that democracy depended on the unselfish commitment of each citizen to the public good. The selfless devotion of a mother to her family was often cited as the very model of proper republican behavior. The ideas of republican behavior thus took root, elevating women. |
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Term
| John Quincy Adams Presidency |
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Definition
| He was the first "minority president". His enemies accused him of making a corrupt bargain. He declined oust efficient officeholders in order to create vacancies for his supporters. Adams' nationalistic views were unfavorable. He ranks as one of the most successsfuk secretaries of state, but one of the least successful presidents. |
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Term
Nicholas Biddle
Who was he?
Controversy?
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Definition
Who was he- he was the president of the bank.
Controversy- He and JAckson had issues. The banks charter expired in 1836. Jackson decided in 1833 to bury the bank for good by removing federal deposits from its vaults. A desperate Biddle called in his banks loans, evidently hoping to illustrate the bank's importance by producing a minor fionancial crisis. A number of wobblier banks were driven to the wall by "Biddle's Panic", but Jackson's resolution was firm. |
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Term
Power of the Purse
meaning?
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Definition
| The constitutional power given to congress to manipulate and control the actions of others by withholding funding. |
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Term
The Federalist
what was it?
who was involved?
role? |
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Definition
What was it- a series of article advocating the ratification of the US constitution and to shape future interpretations of it
Who was involved? was written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison |
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Term
Richard Henry Lee
What role did he play at cont. congres? |
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Definition
| Called for the US to get their independence from Great Britain. His resoltion led to the creation of the Declaration of Independence. |
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Term
Battle of Quebec
who?
why important? |
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Definition
| historic British victory over french forces on the outskirts of Quebec. The surrender of Quebec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America. |
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Term
Battle of Sarratoga
When?
Why Important? |
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Definition
| Decisive colonial victory in upstatw New York, which helped secure French support for the Revolutionary cause (october 1777) |
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Term
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Definition
| The land or district behind the borders of a coast or river. The inland region lying behind a port claimed by the state that owns the coast. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supreme court case that established the principle of "judicial review"- the idea that the supreme court had the final authority to determine constitutionality. |
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Term
John C Calhoun
Nullification Issue |
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Definition
| While he was vice president, he secretly wrote "the south carolina exposition" to express the states view on the "tariff of abominations" saying it should be nullified within the state of south carolina and threatened to secede from the Union. |
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Term
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Definition
| a painter of the 1820's who painted American scenes after the end of the War of 1812 when nationalism was at an all time high |
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Term
| Dartmouth college vs Woodward |
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Definition
| Dartmouth was given a charter by King George III in 1769 but new hampshire wanted to take it away. Marshall ruled in favor of the colllege saying that the charter was a contract and must remain |
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Term
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Definition
| Ordered the removl of indian tribes still east of the mississippi to newly established indian territory west of arkansas and missouri. Tribes resisting eviction were forcibly removed by American forces, often after prolonged legal or military battles. |
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Term
| Northwest Ordinence of 1787 |
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Definition
| Created a policy for administering the Northwest Territories. It included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories. |
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Term
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Definition
| 9th president of the US as the ovenor of the indiana territory his prime task was to obtain the title for indian lands. He attacked Tecumseh in the battle of Tippecanoe and won although he lost many men. |
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Term
Peter Zenger
Who was he?
What happened?
Why important?
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Definition
| he was taken to court after insulting the royal govenor. He claimed that he printed the truth in his newspaper and the judges also agreed. He was not convisted. Andrew HAmilton was his lawyer |
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Term
De las casas
Who was he?
What did he do?
What happened?
Why important? |
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Definition
| A spanish dominican priest who saw the torture and genocide of the native americans and pushed for rights of the natives |
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Term
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Definition
| agreement allowing unconverted offspring of church members to baptize their children. It signified a waning of religious zeal among second and third generation puritans |
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Term
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Definition
| Passed by congress fllowing a wave of Klu Klux Klan ciolence, the acts banned clan membership, prohibited the use if intimidation to prevent blacks from voting, and gave the US military the authority to enforce the acts |
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Term
Hartford Convention
What was it?
Interestingly important because? |
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Definition
| Conventions of Federalists from five New England states who opposed the War of 1812 and resented the strength of Southern and Western interests in Congress and in the White House. They didn't do anything. |
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Term
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Definition
Issue: Bank of the US (currency) and Maryland tax. Resulted in Maryland not being allowed to tax, they didn’t have the right. It was declared unconstitutional. |
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Term
French and Indian War
When?
Part of?
Colonial Goal?
Results? |
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Definition
When? 1754-1763
Part of? The seven years war in Europe and really all over the world.
Colonial Goal? Colonial Unity
Results? The French lost and were removed from Canada. They were Humiliated |
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Term
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Definition
Maryland finally gave approval to the Articles of Confederation (Maryland was the last of the 13 to give approval) on March 1, 1781. |
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Term
Erie Canal
What was it?
Example of? |
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Definition
What was it? Way of commerce by water. Completed by New York in 1825. It linked the Great Lakes to the Hudson River. 393 miles long. Was funded completely by the state of New York because of the results of the Supreme Court case Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Example of- ??? |
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Term
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Definition
When? 1492
What? Christopher Columbus traded with the Native Americans. Europeans exchanged new crops and animals. But also the Old World diseases and bacteria. These diseases led to the death of 90% of the Native American population. |
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Term
Convention of 1800
What?
Who?
Why important? |
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Definition
What? Treaty signed in Paris to end the unofficial war with France.
Who? Adams was president. Napoleon Bonaparte was the current lead of the French population.
Why important? It agreed to annul the twenty two year old relationship between France and America. |
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Term
Patrick Henry
Role in pre revolution
Role at constitutional congress |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- 3/5 of the slave population would be counted for taxes and representation
- Fugitive slave law: runaway slaves who escaped to a free state must be returned to owners. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lawyer for dartmouth vs woodward |
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Term
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Definition
Representation for both houses in a bicameral Congress should be based on population. |
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Term
The 12th ammendment
what?
why?
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Definition
What? If there is no majority of electoral vote the House of Representatives much choose between the top 3 candidates. President and Vice President must run on the same ballot.
Why? Andrew Jackson won popular vote, House of Representatives voted for John Quincy Adams “corrupt bargain”. Adams won, Clay- Secretary of State. Although Adams won he did not have a good presidency. |
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Term
Assumption bill
and the deal to get it passed |
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Definition
- The Federal Government take on debt of states
- “chain states more tightly to federal chariot”
Deal to get it passed- North got assumption and south got the capital on Potomac River |
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Term
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Definition
- Got international recognition in the 1820’s as the nation’s first writer of importance to use American scenes and themes. |
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Term
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Definition
- Put forward by smaller states
- 1 house legislature
- Each State receives one vote
- A chief executive has no veto |
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Term
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Definition
When? 1795
What? Treaty made with Spain and the US. Spain gave America everything they wanted, including free navigation of the Missisippi, warehouse rights in New Orleans, and western Florida. |
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Term
Russo American treaty 1824
problem?
Settled what issue? |
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Definition
Problem? Alaska
Settled what issue? The line 54 50 as the southernmost boundary of Russian holdings in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
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