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| The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. |
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| The legal constitutional protections against government. It concerns disputes between two parties and consists of both statutes and common law. |
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| Communication in the form of advertising. |
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| Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
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| Court sentences prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. |
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| The constitutional amendment that forbids cruel and unusual punishment, although it does not define this phrase. |
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| Part of the First Amendment stating that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.” |
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| The rule that evidence, no matter how incriminating, cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained. |
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| The constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law. |
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| The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly. |
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| The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” |
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| A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion. |
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| The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. |
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| The publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone’s reputation. |
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| A bargain struck between the defendant’s lawyer and the prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime (or fewer crimes) in exchange for the state’s promise not to prosecute the defendant for a more serious (or additional) crime. |
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| A government’s preventing material from being published. |
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| The situation occurring when the police have reason to believe that a person should be arrested. |
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| The right to a private personal life free from the intrusion of government. |
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| A written authorization from a court specifying the area to be searched and what the police are searching for. |
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| The situation occurring when an individual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against himself or herself in court. |
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| The constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial. |
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| Nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. |
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| Unreasonable Searches and Seizures |
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| Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, a practice prohibited by the Fourth Amendment. |
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