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| A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government. |
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| A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government. Most national governments today are unitary governments. |
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| Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting with its constitutional limits. |
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| The constitutional amendment stating that "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, not prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people |
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| An 1819 Supreme Court decisions that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. In deciding this case. Chief Justice John Marshall and his colleagues held that Congress had certain implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers found in the Constitution. |
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| Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution; for Congress, these powers are listed in Article I, Section 8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its value and impose taxes |
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| Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution. The Constitution states that Congress has the power to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers enumerated in Article I. |
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| The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers. |
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| A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity. |
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| A clause in Article IV, Section I, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states. |
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| A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed. |
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| Privileges and immunities |
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| A clause in Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states |
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| A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. |
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| A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration and even blame for programs that work poorly |
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| The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state and local governments. |
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| Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions. |
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| Federal categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications. |
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| Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations. |
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| Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services. |
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| How does federalism decentralize politics? |
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| It creates more opportunities. |
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| What is considered a disadvantage of federalism for democracy? |
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| Federalism discourages political participation |
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| The civil war and the civil rights movement illustrate what? |
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| The power of the National Government |
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| The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system is called |
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| The rapid growth of the national government is largely due to the fact that |
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| Most problems and policies require the authority and resources of the national government. |
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| The fact that a driver's license from one state is valid in other states is an example of... |
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| The Commerce Clause is an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3). The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." |
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| Cross-Over sanctions are federal orders in which the national government pulls or threatens to pull funding from one state-relate expense because of an unrelated offense. Think of pulling funding from state road budgets because of high alcohol-related accidents. |
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| Cross-cutting requirements |
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| Cross cutting requirements are those that are required by any entity that receives federal money - be they states, organizations, municipalities. One of the most common requirements is non-discrimination based on gender, race, religion, ethnicity, etc. There are no exceptions. These regulations cut across all programs touched by the federal government. |
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| An official order or commission to do something |
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| What are some powers given to state governments? |
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| State Powers include, Holding of elections, regulate commerce within a state, ratify amendments to the constitution, create laws that deal with public safety, any powers not specifically given to the national government. |
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| What are some powers given to the national government? |
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| National Powers include, Declare of war, Creating money, regulating commerce, establish courts and post offices, foreign relations. |
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| What are some shared powers between the state and national government? |
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| Shared Powers include, Taxation, make and enforce laws, charter corporations and banks, spend money, take your private property without compensating you. |
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