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| initiative-permitted voters to propose new laws... referendum-enabled voters to accept or reject a law... recall-allowed voters to remove offending officials before term end |
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| Municipal Voters' League, US chamber of commerce |
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| American Railway Union organizer - turned to socialist movement and UNITED - leader |
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| West - RR, S - big business and corporations, NE and MW - corrupt politics and unsafe labor |
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| Wisconsin governor, most forceful Progressive governor: direct primaries, equitable taxes, regulation of RR rates |
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| governor, CA, leading western Progressive who promoted discrimination |
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| direct election of senators |
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| AKA White Slave Traffic Act (1910) |
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| modern education should emphasize personal development |
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| Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. |
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| associate justice of the Supreme Court (1902-1932) |
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| revoked NY law limiting bakers hours |
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| (1898) mining regulations |
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| led by Protestant ministers - countered brutality of vompetitive capitalism by putting Xtian churches into everyday matters |
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| advocated "self-help" for blacks, voicing views at Atlanta Exposition |
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| Booker T. Washington's speech at Atlanta convention |
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| "Anti-Bookerite" - convened at Niagra Convention to counter Washington's ideals. pledged militant pursuit of rights like unrestricted voting, ec. opp., and integration/equality under law |
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| group led by WEB Du Bois - anti-Bookerite, met annually |
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| founded by Booker T. Washington, aimed to end racial discrimination and obtain voting rights |
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| Society of American Indians (SAI) |
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| worked for civil rights, better education, heathcare. faced pressure between tribal allegiance and assimilation...fizzled and collapsed due to greediness within |
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| articulated goals of the feminist mvmt in book "WOMEN AND ECONOMICS" |
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| National American Woman Suffrage Association |
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| led by Carrie Chapman Catt |
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| 1906 - gave the ICC more freedom to control RR rates |
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| controlled sales of irrigated land in the west |
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| head of US forest service |
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| restored tarrif cuts that Taft made in the beginning of his presidency - Progressives disapproved |
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| helped ICC powers and supported labor reforms |
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| National Progressive Republican League |
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| led by La Folette - split from Taft's faction while TR was in Africa |
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| TR - new era where the gov’t coordinates and regulates the economy. Big business can stay, but protect people through commissions of experts that will serve the interests of consumers |
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| Wilson - get rid of concentrated economic power altogether and make the marketplace open for competition. won’t go back to laissez-faire, though; keep regulating it. But, no cooperation between business and gov’t |
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| Clayton Anti-Trust act (1914) |
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| under Wilson, outlawed monopolistic practice |
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| created by Wilson to investigate companies |
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| Federal Reserve Act (1913) |
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| established another nat’l bank and district banks |
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| encouraged imports [to help consumers] and instituted a graduated income tax on residents |
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| mandated an eight-hour-workday and overtime pay for RR workers; Wilson also regulated child labor and provided workers’ compensation. |
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