Term
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Definition
One of two large veins that open into the right atrium, returning to the heart all of the deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation except from the coronary circulation. |
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Term
What is the name of the sac where the heart sits? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts (venous return & duration of diastole) (her's) |
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Term
What is then normal Ph of blood? |
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Definition
7.35-7.45 Any lower is acidosis any higher is alkalosis. These will slow down/depress cardiac activity. |
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Term
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Definition
forcefulness of contraction of individual ventricle muscle fibers. (her's) |
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Term
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Definition
The pressure that must be exceeded before ejection of blood from the ventricles can occur. (her's) |
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Term
What can too much sodium do? |
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Definition
Can block Ca2+ inflow decreasing force of contraction. (partial cause of hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
Influx of Na+ into the cell through voltage-gated fast Na+ channels; within milliseconds Na+ channels inactivate and Na+ flow decreases. (her's) |
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Term
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Definition
Excitation of the atria, lasts .08 to .10 seconds on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
Wave travels through AV node, AV bundles, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers, lasts .14 to .20 Seconds on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
Excitation of the ventricles, lasts .12 to .16 seconds on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
Repolarization of the ventricles, lasts .12 to .16 seconds on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
Time for complete excitation of ventricles, lasts .08 to .12 seconds on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
Time required for complete excitation of ventricles, lasts .30 to .35 seconds on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
Time from completion of ventricular repolarization to next atrial excitation, lasts .25 to .35 seconds on ECG. |
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Term
What are the 3 normal blood pressures? |
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Definition
Systolic 120 Diastolic 80 Pulse Pressure 40
3:2:1 ratio |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
The other names for systole and diastole |
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Definition
Systole- Depolarization
Diastole- Repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What are the three main functions of blood? |
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Definition
Transportation, Regulation, Protection |
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Term
What are the 5 physical characteristics of blood? |
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Definition
More viscous than water, 38 degrees C (body is usually 37), pH: 7.35-7.45, 20% of Extracellular fluid, Blood volume: 4-6 liters (8-12 pints) |
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Term
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Definition
Lower than a 7.35 pH
Higher than a 7.45 pH |
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Term
2 Liquid Portions of Blood |
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Definition
Plasma- Liquid part that contains clotting factors.
Serum- Liquid part that does NOT contain clotting factors. |
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Term
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Definition
The body's natural anti-coagulant. |
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Term
The three formed elements of blood |
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Definition
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes |
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Term
3 aspects of erythrocytes |
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Definition
-Biconcave discs, no nucleus -Contain hemoglobin to carry O2 (heme moity) -Life span: 120 days |
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Term
The 2 Types of Leukocytes |
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Definition
Granulocytes, Agranulocytes |
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Term
Three types of Granulocytes |
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Definition
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils |
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Term
Three types of Agranulocytes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The part of hemoglobin that binds to O2 and carries it where it needs to be. |
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Term
Center in the brain that regulates heart flow |
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Definition
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Term
Electrolyte that initiations contraction of myocardium |
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Definition
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Term
Electrolyte that maintains contraction of the myocardium |
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Definition
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Term
Fluid filled sac around the heart |
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Definition
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Term
Amount of blood ejected from the heart each beat |
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Definition
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Term
Circulation Through the lungs |
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Definition
Pulmonic/Pulmonary Circulation |
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Term
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Definition
To stop bleeding. Three step process, vascular response, cellular response , clotting mechanism. |
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Term
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Definition
Blood vessels constrict and retract from the cut. |
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Term
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Definition
Platelets release seretonin which causes vasoconstriction and platelets to stick together. |
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Term
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Definition
13 clotting factors, which includes Ca2+, come together to form a clot (coagulation). |
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Term
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Definition
Forms the active form of prothrombin, which becomes thrombin. |
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Term
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Definition
White lymph due to dietary lipids. (from intestines) |
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Term
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Definition
Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
Sties where stem cells divide (produced) and become Immunocompetent. Includes Red Bone Marrow, Epiphyses of long bones, Thymus |
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Term
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Definition
Capable of mounting an immune response. |
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Term
Secondary Lymphatic Organs and Tissues |
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Definition
Sites where most immune responses occur. Includes: Lymph nodes, Spleen Lymphatic nodules (follicles) or (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue, MALT) tissue since it is noncapsulated. |
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Term
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Definition
Solid + Liquid -> Clump Solid is agglutinogen Liquid is agglutinin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Lymphatic System vs Circulatory System |
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Definition
Lymph system has thinner walls, more valves, one way pathway towards heart, empties into blood. |
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Term
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Definition
Barrel Chested, Thin, called pink puffers, Alveoli are eaten by macrophages in the lungs. |
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Term
The 5 ABG's in an ABG test. |
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Definition
pO2, pCO2, pH, O2 Saturation, HCO3 |
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Term
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Definition
Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema |
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Term
Average Total Lung Capacity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The 700ml that is normal not exhaled during tidal breathing, but is during exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
Average volume of breathing at rest (500 ml) |
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Term
The lungs sit in what cavity? |
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Definition
Pleural Cavity Filled With Pleural Fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Spirometer: 2 types
Incentive- Make them breath/Inhaling/Ventilating
Diagnostic- Exhaling |
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Term
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Definition
Processes and presents antigen to helper T cell vs T cell 2 types 1 Helper, 2 Memory- In lymph tissue, recognizes invading antigens, even years after first encounter. |
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Term
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Definition
Descendant of B cell that produces and secretes antibodies. |
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Term
The 2 Types of Immunity and their 2 parts each. |
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Definition
Active: Natural (get sick), Artificial (vaccine) Passive: Natural (mother’s milk), Artificial (antisera) |
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Term
The 5 phases of Phagocytosis |
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Definition
Chemotaxis, Adherence, Ingestion, Digestion, Killing |
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Term
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Definition
The lymphatic capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
2 types: Soluble/weak, Insobuble/strong |
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Term
Formula For Cardiac Output |
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Definition
SV (stroke volume) x HR (heart rate) (heartbeats per minute) |
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Term
Natural vs Physiological Pacemaker |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
SA node: pacemaker, AV node: physiological pacemaker, Bundle of His (AV bundle), Bundle branches, Purkinje fibers |
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Term
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Definition
Period of maintained depolarization due to opening of voltage-gated slow Ca2+ in sarcolemma. This action is balanced with the outflow of K+ ions through voltage-gated K+ channels. The action of Ca2+ and K+ sustain contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
Outflow of Na+ and K+ restores the negative resting potential. At the same time, calcium channels in SR are closing which contributes to reploarization. |
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Term
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Definition
Epinephrin and norepinephrin (from adrenal medulla) increase HR and contractility. Exercise, stress, and excitement stimulate the release of hormones. Thyroid hormones enhance cardiac contractility. |
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Term
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Definition
Excess Na+ blocks Ca2+ inflow decreasing force of contraction. Excess K+ blocks generation of action potential. Moderate increase of Ca2+ speeds HR and strengthens the heartbeat. |
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Term
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Definition
-Carry blood away from the heart
Arterial wall has 3 tunics -Interna or intima (closest to lumen) endothelium & elastic tissue -Media – thickest, muscular -Externa – elastic & collagen fibers
Sympathetic neurons in muscle layer
Vasoconstriction & Vasodilation
2 Types of arteries Elastic Muscular
VS
Carry blood to the heart.
Has the same three layers but with different thicknesses. Externa is the thickest and consists of collagen and elastic fibers. Less elasticity than in arteries; cannot withstand high blood pressure
Lumen of a vein is larger than that of an artery
Valves (thin folds of the tunica interna) prevent backflow of bld.
Vascular (venous) sinus – dense connective tissue replaces tunica media and externa. |
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Term
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Definition
Continuous: skeletal and smooth muscle, connective tissue & lungs.
Fenestrated: contain small pores. Kidneys, villi of small intestine, choroid plexuses of ventricles in brain and some endocrine glands.
Sinusoids: wider and more winding, unusually large fenestrations. Liver, red bone marrow, spleen, some endocrine glands. |
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Term
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Definition
Supplies a capillary bed (network of 10-100 capillaries) |
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Term
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Definition
Rings of smooth muscle that control the flow of blood through capillary bed. |
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Term
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Definition
The ability of tissue to automatically adjust its blood flow to match metabolic demands. |
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Term
The Three Functions of the Lymphatic System |
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Definition
Draining excess interstitial fluid
Transporting dietary lipids
Carrying out immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
Main duct for the return of lymph to blood. |
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Term
The Five Principle Lymphatic Ducts |
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Definition
Lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, and jugular |
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Term
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Definition
Capillaries → vessels → lymph nodes → trunks -> ducts -> blood |
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Term
3 Primary Lymphatic Organs |
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Definition
Red Bone Marrow Epiphyses of long bones Thymus |
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Term
7 Forms of First Line of Defense |
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Definition
-Epidermis -Mucous membranes: Mucus, Hairs, Cilia -Lysozyme: Lacrimal appartus (tears), Saliva -Urine flow -Vaginal secretions -Sebum -Gastric juice |
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Term
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Definition
-Internal antimicrobial proteins: Interferons, Complement, Transferrins -Phagocytes -Natural killer cells -Inflammation: Redness, Pain, Heat, Swelling -Fever |
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Term
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Definition
Antigen is a substance vs Antibody is a protein bound to a cell |
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Term
The Pathway of Air Through to The Lungs |
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Definition
Air comes in through the nose and/or mouth, moves through the nasal and/or oral cavity, into the pharynx, then to the larynx, then the trachea, then the bronchi of the lungs, then to bronchioles, where co2 and o2 are exchanged in the alveoli. |
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Term
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Definition
3,100ml that is not inhaled during tidal breathing, but during exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
500ml of subconscious everyday breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
The volume that can't be exhaled because the lungs would collapse if it was. |
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Term
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Definition
Inspiratory Reserve + Tidal Volume (3600ml) |
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Term
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Definition
Inspiratory Reserve + Tidal Reserve + Expiratory Reserve (4800ml) |
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Term
Factors that Affect Hbg Affinity |
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Definition
Acidity, Partial Pressure of CO2, Temperature, BPG (helps with O2 unloading) |
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Term
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Definition
The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs. |
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Term
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Definition
The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs. |
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Term
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Definition
A cell without a nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
A chemically stimulated movement of phagocytes to a site of damage. |
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