• Patterns in success of remembering long lists

• Something that is unique/different will stand out
• Also known as the Von Restorff Effect

• Memories get reconstructed diffferently each time
• Nothing is remembered the same way twice

• Very brief type of memory for sensory information located in your sense organs
• Te eye holds onto an image for a few tenths of a second
• The ear holds onto sound for 3 to 4 seconds
• If enough attention is paid to sensory memory, it is locked into short term memory

Short Term Memory

(Working Memory) 

• A system that hold items of which we are aware and with which we are working
• Lasts about 20 seconds
• 7 items (+/- 2) can be held at once
• Chunking extends the number of items held in memory
• Encoding places the information in long term memory

• The capacity is unlimited with a healthy brain
• The duration of memories is infinite
• Every time something is learned, new paths are created between neurons that weren't there before

• Placing information into the long term memory

• Not very deep/strong
• Information is stored based on what it looks like

• Not very deep/strong
• Information is stored based on what it souonds like

• Very strong, association
• Information is stored based on what it means

• Photographic memory
• Able to pull up the exact picture, a still shot

• Any stimulus/bit of information that aids in the retrieval from Long Term memory
• More efficient if they are encoded at the same time that the info to be remembered is learned

• Psychological and physical state are encoded along with the information as a retrieval cue
• Information learned while hungry is more easily recalled when hungry

• The physical location is encoded as a retrieval cue
• Information is more readily retrieved when remembered in the same place that it was learned (you will do better on a test ifyou sit in the same place during the lecture and the exam)

• Memories new to long term memore takes time to become firmly implanted
• Any disruption in the consolidation process can prevent permanent memories from forming
• i.e. Seizures, a blow to the head (concussion), unconsiousness

• Disturbing/anxiety-producing memories are no longer consciously available
• Amygdala creates emotional memories
• Controversial theory

• The biggest name in the study of memory
• Famous for her studies on eyewitness testimony and the misinformation effect

• Participant's recall of an event they witness is altered by introducing misleading postevent information
• Suprise, Partial View, Schemas and certain Questioning techniques (such as descriptive words used or leading questions) can lead to inaccuracy

• Purposefully organized retrieval cues
• Verbal: Use of acronymes as cues (i.e. HOMES = Great lakes)
• Visual: Items in a room used as cues