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| in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of sensory impressions and motor activities. |
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| in Piaget's theory, the stage of coginitie development (normally begining about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. |
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| the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical perioud very early in life. |
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| a sense of one's identity and personal worth; all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" |
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| the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month. |
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| research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period. |
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| one's sense of self; according to Erickson, the adolescents's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. |
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| people's ideas about their own and other's mental states--about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict. |
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| one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood. |
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| the principle part of concrete operational reasoning that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. |
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| all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |
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| in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty in taking another's point of view. |
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| the fear of stangers that infants commonly display, begining by about 8 months of age. |
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| the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth. |
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| a woman's first menstural period. |
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| one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age. |
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| a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information. |
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| according to Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthing; said to be formed during infancy by appropraite experiences with responsive caregivers. |
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| adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information. |
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| interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas. |
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| in Erickson's theory, the ability to form close relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood. |
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| the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines. |
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| a branch of psychology that studies physical, coginitive, and social change throughout the lifespan. |
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| a culturally preferred timing of social events, such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement. |
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| agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm. |
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| the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. |
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| the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing. |
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| a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touche, open the mouth, and search for the nipple. |
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| biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by behavior. |
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| primary sex characteristic |
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Definition
| the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make reproduction possible. |
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| a progressive and irreversable brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning. |
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| the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence. |
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| the fetilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo. |
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| physical and coginitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking; in severe cases, symptoms indlude noticeable facial misproportions. |
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| secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, or male voice quality and body hair. |
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| a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another. |
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| decreasing repsonsiveness with repeated stimulation; as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. |
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| a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind. |
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| concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain their mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. |
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| an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. |
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