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| The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. |
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| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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| The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. |
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| The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
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| A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal. |
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| The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing. |
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Definition
| The brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla. Does not route smell. |
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| The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position. |
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Definition
| The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear. |
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Definition
| Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or to Wernicke's area. |
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Definition
| Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. Aphasia causes impaired speaking. |
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Definition
| Controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe. Aphasia causes impairment in understanding. |
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Definition
| The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them. |
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| A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers between them. |
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Definition
| The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system. |
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Definition
| The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance. |
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Definition
| A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion. |
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| The brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development. |
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Definition
| A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. |
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