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| a method of asessing an individual'smental aptitudes and comparing them with others, using numerical scores. |
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A concept introduced by Alfred Binet, mental age is the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. |
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| Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon |
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Tried to minimize teacher bias in evaluating children. mental age mental aptitude is a general capacity that shows up in various ways. made no assumptions why a particular child was slow, average or precocious. mental orthopedics wanted to improve education/ afraid of labeling of children
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| Lewis Terman: The Innate IQ |
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Stanford Binet IQ test a widely used revision of Binet's exam IQ=mental age/chronological age x 100 works fairly well for children but not adults 100 is the average with 2/3rds of all people scoring between 85 and 115. mental ability score based on the test taker's performance relative to the average performance of others at the same age. Terman beleived in eugenics
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| are designed to predict future performance. They measure your capacity to learn new information, rather than measuring what you already know. |
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| measure's a person's current knowledge |
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| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.(WISC) |
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| is the most widely used intelligence exam. It is individually administered, contains 11 subtests and yields separate verbal and performance intellegence scores as well as an overall intelligence score. |
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the process of defining meaningful scores by comparsion with a pretested standardization group. - need a base group
- needs to be a representative sample of the population
- standardized test results in a normal distribution
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- intelligence testing has been improving
- the average person's intelligence test score 80 years ago was by today's standard only a 76.
- why?
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| is the extent to which a test produces consistent results. |
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is the degree to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. Below age three , intelligence tests generally do not predict future scores. |
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| the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. |
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| the behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict. Thus the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity. |
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| the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict. It is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. |
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- more reliable less predictive
- reliable and predictive for children 6 to 12 (+.60)
- SAT Scores less predictive of success in freshmen year less than (+.50)
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a condition of limited mental ability, indicted by an intelligence score of 70 or below. and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life. varies from mild to profound. mild 50 -70 approximate intelligence scores (6th grade) moderate 35-50 (second grade) severe 20-35 profound below 20
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| sorting children into gifted and nongifted educational groups: |
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creates a self fulfilling prophecy increases social isolation between the groups. promotes racial segregation and prejudice
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| Byh what age does a child's performance onan intelligence test stablize |
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| predictive at age 4 and stablize at age 7 |
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about 1% of the population more males than females are mentally retarded a majority of the mentally retarded can learn academic skills.
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