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| studies how organisms change over a period of time |
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| argument deciding whether or not an organism's behavior is determined by innate factors (nature) or its environment (nurture) |
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| in which forces work together/influence each other |
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| development is gradual and continuous |
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| development proceeds in an uneven fashion |
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| developmental period before birth |
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| name for developing organism during first 8 weeks after conception |
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| name for developing organism between embryonic stage and birth |
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| organ interface between embryo/fetus and mother |
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| outside substances that could cause damage to a developing organism |
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| enduring social-emotional relationship between child and parent/caregiver |
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| primitive form of learning in which organisms follow/form an attachment to first moving object they see/hear |
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| stimulation and reassurance derived from physical touch of caregiver |
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| process by which the genetic program manifests itself over time |
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| mental structures/programs that quide a developing child's thought |
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| mental process that categorizes new info into schemas |
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| mental process that changes schemas to better understood new info |
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| Piaget's Stages of Development |
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Definition
1) sensorimotor stage (birth-2)
2) Preoperational stage ((2-6/7)
3) concrete operational stage (7-11)
4) Formal Operational Stage (11-forever) |
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(birth to 2)
child relies on innate motor responses to stimuli |
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| ability to form mental objects/events |
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| realizing that objects continue to exist even when they can't be seen |
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(3 to 6/7)
well-developed mental representation and use of language
(includes egocentrism, animistic thinking, centration, and irreversibility) |
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| belief that inanimate objects are alive |
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| inability for child to understand an event because they can only focus on one thing at a time |
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| inability to think through a series of events and reverse them mentally |
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| concrete operational stage |
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(7 to 11)
child understands conservation but is still incapable of abstract thought |
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| the understanding that objects stay the same regardless of appearance or if its taken away |
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| solving problems by manipulating them in the head |
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| awareness that other people's behavior my be influenced by ideas different from one's own |
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| individual's characteristic manner of behavior/reaction |
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| zone of proximal development |
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(Vygotsky)
difference between what a child can do with and without help |
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| warm and attentive to child while still being reasonable and assertive |
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warm and may spoil child with little demands
aka PUSHOVER |
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trust vs mistrust
Needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty
to trust himself/herself, others, and the environment |
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Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Works to master physical environment while maintaining
self-esteem |
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Definition
Initiative vs Guilt
Begins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops
conscience and sexual identity |
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| (erikson)School-Age Child |
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Definition
Industry vs Inferiority
Tries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills |
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Identity vs Role Confusion
Tries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete,
worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure |
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Intimacy vs Isolation
Learns to make personal commitment to another as
spouse, parent or partner |
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| (erikson) middle age adult |
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Definition
Generativity vs Stagnation
Seeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and
civic interests |
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Integrity vs Despair
Reviews life accomplishments, deals with loss
and preparation for death |
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social rituals to mark transitions between developmental stages
(like drivers license) |
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| primary sex characteristics |
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Definition
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| secondary sex characteristics |
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| gender related physical features that develop during puberty |
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| (11 to death) in which abstract thought appears |
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| kohlberg's stage of moral reasoning |
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Definition
1) preconventional morality
2) Conventional Morality
3) postconventional morality |
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(kohlberg)
stage 1: doing stuff to avoid pain/getting caught
stage 2: doing stuff to get rewards/mutual benefits |
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(kohlberg)
stage 3: doing stuff to get acceptance/avoid disapproval
stage 4: doing stuff to follow rules/avoid penalties |
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| postconventional morality |
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Definition
stage 5: doing stuff to promote welfare of one's society
stage 6: doing stuff to achieve justice |
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Definition
| process of making a commitment beyond oneself to family, work, society, or future generations |
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| selective social interaction |
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Definition
| choosing to restrict the number of one's social contacts to those who are the most gratifying |
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Term
| kubler-ross' stages of death and dying |
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Definition
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance |
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