Term
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Definition
- damage to the left frontal lobe
- inability to speak cohesively
- expressive aphasia |
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Term
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Definition
- damage to the left temporal lobe
- inability to comprehend language
- receptive aphasia |
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Term
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Definition
- inability to recognize objects via sensory clues or the five senses
- "can be helped via touch clues" |
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Term
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Definition
| A damaging of brain tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Removing of sections of brain tissue |
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Term
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Definition
- cutting of the Corpus Collusm (which connects the two hemispheres)
- used to aid in severe epilepsy
- causes issues in the transfer of information from one hemisphere to another |
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Term
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Definition
- Math
- Analytical Skills
- Verbal |
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Term
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Definition
- Art
- Holistic functions (face recognition and emotion recognition in others via facial expressions)
-musical
-spatiel |
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Term
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Definition
- X-rays of the brain from various angles
- Show extent of lesions
- Does not show function only structure |
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Term
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Definition
| - Takes images of the brain by reading magnetic field, radio waves, density. |
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Term
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Definition
- Uses changes in oxygen levels to map out brain activity, for the oxygen causes changes in the magnetic field
- Shows function |
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Term
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Definition
| Using electrodes placed on the scalp it can measure brain waves. Also registers evoked potentials. |
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Term
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Definition
| - the change in voltage which is a response to a specific stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Tracks tracers attached to glucose molecules in the brain, tracing metabolic activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of the cerebral cortex not associated with motor or sensory information, but higher order functions such as thinking, logic, and planning. |
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Term
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Definition
The part of the cerebral cortex in which movement is coordinated, activities of the skeletal muscles are integrated.
Located in the frontal lobe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where touch sensations are processed. |
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Term
| Medulla Oblongata [or maybe just Medulla? hehe.] |
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Definition
Controls breathing rates, heart rates, digestion, vomiting, and blood flow.
Located above the spinal cord.
Where most fibers cross resulting in contralateralization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes reticular formation [critical for arousal & wakefulness] |
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Term
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Definition
- helps coordinate motoer function via information from muscles & inner ears
- helps maintain balance |
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Term
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Definition
| Relay center for visual, somatosensory, auditory, and taste sensations. |
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Term
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Definition
- helps determine biological rhythems (menstrual cycle)
- helps to set some emotions with the limbic system [ie: rage]
- secrets hormones which regulate hormones from the pituitary gland
-sets appetite drives [ie; sex, thirst, hunger]
- controls heart rate and body temperature via the medulla, controls the parasympathetic and sympathetic centers in the medulla, |
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Term
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Definition
| Important in storing long term memories & dreams. |
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Term
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Definition
influences fear and aggression
important for sensory memory |
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Term
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Definition
| processes and receives motor and sensory information and directs movement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Contains motor neurons that stimulate muslcle movement |
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Term
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Definition
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Helps to prepare body in times of stress:
dilate pupils, stop digestion, increased heart and breathing rates, inhibition of tear ducts. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
To return the body to a normal state after sympathetic stimulation
- return pupils to normal size, restart digestive processes, restore normal bladder contractions, stimulate tear glands, slow down breathing & heart rates. |
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Term
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Definition
- direct growth of developing neurons
- provide nutrition & remove waste
- speeds up conduction via myelin sheath. |
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Term
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Definition
Contains cytoplasm & nucleus
Directs synthesis of neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| Long connective fiber, down which wave of depolarization & repolarization travels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Branch-like tubules which receive neurotransmitters |
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Term
| Terminal Buttons - Axon Terminals |
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Definition
| Where neurotransmitters are sent from in synaptic vesicles. |
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Term
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Definition
- an influx of sodium ions into the cell, which causes a change in potential, & if stimulated to threshold will cause action potential
"all or none principle" |
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Term
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Definition
Time right after the depolarization and repolarization occur.
After this is the resting potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of glands which secrete hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Melatonin: important of maintaining circadian (sleep) rhythm and associated with seasonal affective disorder |
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Term
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Definition
Secrets hormones with inhibit or excite other glands.
Secretes growth hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
Thyroxin: stimulates and maintains metabolic activity.
low levels of thyroxin lead to mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| Parathyroid hormones which help maintain calcium ion levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Adrenal Cortex: secretes steroids, such as cortisol a stress hormone.
Adrenal Medulla: secretes adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gonads necessary for reproduction and secondary sex characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Insulin and glucogen regulate glucose on the blood [needed for all metabolic activities]; imbalances lead to diabetes and hypoglycemia respectively. |
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Term
| Parts of the Endocrine System |
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Definition
| Pituitary Gland, Pancreas, Hypothalamus, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroids, Ovaries/Testes, Adrenal Gland, Pineal Gland |
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Term
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Definition
Females lacking an X chromosome
lack ovaries, webbed kneck, short, fail to develop secondary sex characteristics
although normally intelligent, have efficiencies in math and spatial abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
males with xxy chromosomes
evident when males do not develop secondary sex characteristics, but instead breast tissue |
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Term
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Definition
3 sets of chromosome-21
round head, flat nasal bridge, protruding tongue, poor coordination and muscle tone, small ears.
typically mentally retarded |
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Term
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Definition
familial Alzheimer's Disease is caused by a gene attached to the chromosome-21
not all cases are like this
- caused by deficiencies in Acythelcholine (involved in memory, muscle movement) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- causes irreversible brain damage unless baby is fed diet low in phenylalanine.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Failure to synthesize and store pigment
also abnormal nerve pathways resuling in inability to percieve depth or three-dimensionality with both eyes. |
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Term
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Definition
Dominant gene defect which involves degeneration of the nervous system
jerky movement, personality shifts such as faulty accusations and temper tantrums, blindness, tremors, and death |
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Term
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Definition
A sex-linked trait
more often seen in man because the X chromosome has the recessive gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebral Cortex (Cerebral Hemispheres), the thalamus, the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
brain stem
(important for reflexes) |
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Term
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Definition
- part of the brain associated with emotion
hippocampus, fornix, amgydala, and hypothalamus |
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