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AP Psy. Chapter 3
Perception
30
Psychology
12th Grade
10/19/2008

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Term
perception
Definition
proces by which the brain integrates, organizes and interprets senory impressions to create representations of the world
Term
peceptual set
Definition
tendency for perceptions to be influenced by ones expectations or preconceptions
Term
proximity
Definition
principle that objects that are near each oher will be perceived as belonging to a common set
Term
closure
Definition
perceptual principlethat people ten to piece together disconnteced bits of information to perceive whole forms
Term
perceputal constancy
Definition
tendency to percive the size, shape, color, and brightness of an object as remaining the same even when the image it casts on the retina changes
Term
size constancy
Definition
tendency to perceieve an object as haing the same size despite changes in the images it casts on the retina as the viewingdistance changes
Term
binocular cues
Definition
cues for depth that involve both eyes, such as retinal disparity and convergence
Term
convergence
Definition
bincular cue for distance based on the degree of tsion required to focus two eyes on the same object
Term
strobscopic movement
Definition
type of apparent movement based on the rapid succesion of still iamges, as in motion pictures
Term
carpeted-world hpothesis
Definition
attempt to explain the Muller-Lyer illusion in terms of the cultural experience of living in a carpentered, right-angled world like our own
Term
parapsychology
Definition
study of paranormal phenomena
Term
pecognition
Definition
ability to foretell the future
Term
selective attention
Definition
process by which we attend to meaningful stimuli and filter out irrelevant or extraneous stimuli
Term
bottom-up processing
Definition
mode of perceptual processing by which the brain recognizes meaningful atters by piecing together bits and pieces of senory informaion
Term
similarity
Definition
principle that objects that are similar will be perceived as belonging to the same group
Term
connectedness
Definition
principle that objects positioned together or moving together will be perceived as belonging to the same group
Term
shape constancy
Definition
tendency to perceive an object as having the same shape despite differences in the images it casts on the retina as the viewer`s perspective changes
Term
color constancy
Definition
tendency to perceive an object as having the same coor despite changes in lighting conditions
Term
monocular cues
Definition
cues for depths that can be perceived by each eye alone, such as relative size and interposition
Term
visual illusion
Definition
misperceptions of visual stimuli
Term
telepathy
Definition
communication of thoughts from one mind to another that occurs without using the known senses
Term
psychokinesis
Definition
ability to move objects by mental effort alon
Term
habituation
Definition
reduction in the strength of a response to a repeated stimulus
Term
top-down processing
Definition
mode of perceptual processing by which the brain identifies patterns as meaningful wholes rather tahn as piecemeal constructions
Term
continuity
Definition
principle that a series of stimuli will be perceived as presenting a unified form
Term
brightness constancy
Definition
tendency o perceive objects as retaining their birghtness even when they are viewed in dim light
Term
retinal disparity
Definition
binocular cue for distance based on the slight differences in the visual impressions formed in both eyes
Term
phi phenomenon
Definition
type of apparent movement created by the rapid switching on and off of columns of lights
Term
extrasensory perception
Definition
perception that occurs without benefit of the known senses
Term
clairvoyance
Definition
ability to perceive objects and events without using the known senses
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