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AP Psych
AP Psychology
134
Psychology
11th Grade
01/26/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Structuralism
Definition
Edward Bradford Titchner.
Structure of the mind.
Term
Functionalism
Definition
William James.
Function/purpose of thoughts and feelings.
Term
Gestalt
Definition
Max Wertheirmer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koppka.
When dealing with a group of objects, we tend to look at the group as a whole, instead of the individual objects.
Term
Inheritable Traits
Definition
Sir Frances Galton.
How genetics influence your behavior, character and personality.
Term
Counseling
Definition
Helps people with general problems.
Term
Clinical
Definition
Helps people with a diagnosed disorder.
Term
Psychiatrist
Definition
Licensed medical professional, prescribe medication.
Term
Biological
Definition
Biological factors that influence behavior.
Term
Developmental
Definition
Changes that take place from birth to old age.
Term
Cognitive
Definition
Anything to do with thinking.
Term
Personality
Definition
How we are similar/different from eachother.
Term
Educational
Definition
Teaching/learning.
Term
Social
Definition
How we influence one another.
Term
Industrial/Organizational
Definition
Work force, efficiency and productivity.
Term
Quantitative
Definition
Develop statistical tools to analyze research.
Term
Sports
Definition
Help an athlete perform at their peak.
Term
Forensic
Definition
Legal System.
Term
Environmental
Definition
Effects of physical environment on our behavior.
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
Excitatory.
Stimulates muscles, digestion, learning, sleep.
Alzheimer's.
Term
Norepinephrine.
Definition
Excitatory.
Puts body on high alert, heart rate, blood pressure.
Term
Dopamine
Definition
Excitatory and inhibitory.
Thought, feeling, motivation, feelings.
Schizophrenia, Parkinson's.
Term
GABA
Definition
Inhibitory.
Anxiety.
Term
Glutamate
Definition
Excitatory.
Memory and learning.
ALS.
Term
Serotonin
Definition
Excitatory and inhibitory.
Emotion and mood.
Depression, migraines.
Term
Endorphin
Definition
Excitatory and inhibitory.
Gets rid of pain.
Term
Medulla
Definition
breathing, heart rate, blood pressure.
Term
Pons
Definition
produces sleep chemicals.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
body position, coordination, balance.
Term
Midbrain
Definition
hearing and sight.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
all of the senses except for smell.
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
primary drives- hunger, thirst, sex. also sleeping.
Term
Amygdala
Definition
heart rate and emotion.
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
long term memory.
Term
Cerebral Cortex
Definition
higher level thinking.
Term
Corpus Collosum
Definition
where info travels back and forth.
Term
Occipital Lobe
Definition
vision
Term
Temporal Lobe
Definition
hearing, processing images and memory storage.
Term
Parietal Lobe
Definition
touch and body position
Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition
creativity, organization and planning.
Term
Motor Cortex
Definition
body movement.
Term
Somatosensory Cortex
Definition
sensations from the skin.
Term
Auditory Cortex
Definition
hearing
Term
Visual Cortex
Definition
vision.
Term
Broca's Area
Definition
producing speech.
Term
Wernicke's Area
Definition
processing speech.
Term
Reticular Formation
Definition
prioritizes incoming messages
Term
Limbic System
Definition
Learning and emotion.
Term
Fixed Ratio Schedule
Definition
response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses
Term
Variable Ratio Schedule
Definition
when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses
Term
Fixed Interval Schedule
Definition
where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed
Term
Variable Interval Schedule
Definition
when a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
Term
James Lange Theory
Definition
We experience bodily feelings and deduce our emotions from these.
Term
Cannon Bard Theory
Definition
We have emotions, and as a result feel physiological effects.
Term
Satcher Singer Theory
Definition
we experience feelings and then label them as an emotion.
Term
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Definition
In the absence of physiological arousal, we decide what to feel after interpreting or explaining what has just happened.
Term
Opponent Process Theory
Definition
when one emotion is experienced, the other is suppressed.
Term
Central Nervous System
Definition
sends and receives impulses.
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
conducts impulses from organs to brain.
Term
Somatic Nervous System
Definition
controls voluntary movement of muscles.
Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition
controls biological functions.
Term
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition
conserves energy
Term
Sympathetic Nervous System
Definition
expends energy.
Term
Weber's Law
Definition
the larger/stronger a stimulus, the larger the change required for an observer to notice a difference.
Term
Absolute Threshold
Definition
the weakest amount of stimulus that a person can detect half the time.
Term
Difference Threshold
Definition
smallest change in a physical stimulus that a person can detect between two stimuli.
Term
Unconditioned Stimulus
Definition
one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response
Term
Unconditioned Response
Definition
the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus
Term
Conditioned Stimulus
Definition
previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Term
Conditioned Response
Definition
the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus
Term
Positive Reinforcement
Definition
occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a favorable stimulus (commonly seen as pleasant) that increases the frequency of that behavior
Term
Negative Reinforcement
Definition
occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus (commonly seen as unpleasant) thereby increasing that behavior's frequency
Term
Positive Punishment
Definition
occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by an aversive stimulus, such as introducing a shock or loud noise, resulting in a decrease in that behavior.
Term
Negative Punishment
Definition
occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of a favorable stimulus, such as taking away a child's toy following an undesired behavior, resulting in a decrease in that behavior
Term
Episodic Memory
Definition
your personal memories
Term
Procedural Memories
Definition
'how to' memories.
Term
Semantic Memory
Definition
memory of general facts.
Term
Encoding Failure
Definition
when information was never encoded in your brain.
Term
Storage Decay
Definition
after encoding, you just forgot.
Term
Retrieval Failure
Definition
something on the tip of your tongue, but you just can't remember it.
Term
Short Term Memory
Definition
holds 7 bits of info for 20 seconds.
Term
Binet
Definition
created the first IQ test.
Term
Maslow
Definition
created the hierarchy of needs.
Term
Cognitive
Definition
thinking or thought.
Term
Piaget
Definition
man associated with cognitive psychology
Term
Directed Thinking
Definition
logical, goal oriented thought.
Term
Watson
Definition
Baby Albert experience.
Term
Narcolepsy
Definition
randomly falling asleep several times a day.
Term
Correlation
Definition
comparing two variables
Term
Bandura
Definition
man associated with social learning.
Term
Confounding Variable
Definition
anything other than the independent variable that changes the dependent variable.
Term
Skinner
Definition
Man associated with operant conditioning.
Term
Taste Buds
Definition
taste receptors
Term
Wechsler
Definition
created a performance IQ test.
Term
Longitudinal
Definition
study the same people over a period of years.
Term
Pavlov
Definition
man associated with classical conditioning.
Term
Rods
Definition
receptors for black and white.
Term
Flavor
Definition
combination of taste, temperature and texture.
Term
Non Directed Thinking
Definition
free flow of thoughts
Term
Insomnia
Definition
trouble falling or staying asleep.
Term
Cones
Definition
color receptors.
Term
Sleep Apnea
Definition
difficulty breathing at night.
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
designed to increase a behavior.
Term
Mnemonic Device
Definition
memory aids; songs and rhymes.
Term
Gardner
Definition
theory of multiple intelligence.
Term
Confabulation
Definition
filling in memory gaps
Term
Placebo
Definition
fake medicine
Term
Punishment
Definition
designed to decrease an unwanted behavior
Term
Harlow
Definition
surrogate monkey studies.
Term
Wundt
Definition
father of psychology
Term
REM
Definition
period of sleep where dreaming occurs.
Term
Humanistic
Definition
positive personal growth.
Term
Evolutionary
Definition
adapting as a species
Term
Neurobiological
Definition
genetic makeup
Term
Psychoanalytical
Definition
early childhood experiences.
Term
Erik Erikson
Definition
psychoanalytic
Term
Carl Rogers
Definition
humanistic
Term
Abraham Maslow
Definition
humanistic
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
Psychoanalytic
Term
BF Skinner
Definition
behavioral
Term
Ex Post Facto
Definition
studying a preexisting condition
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
researcher controls
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
what changes.
Term
Conscious
Definition
aware at any given moment
Term
Nonconscious
Definition
mental process is still going on
Term
Preconscious
Definition
just outside your awareness
Term
Subconscious
Definition
hidden thoughts, feeling and desires, that if you work hard enough, you can uncover.
Term
Unconscious
Definition
hidden thoughts, feeling, and desires that you will probably never be able to uncover.
Term
Meaning of REM...
Definition
rapid eye movement
Term
Reasons we need sleep..
Definition
to protect us and to restore our bodies.
Term
3 Uses of Hypnosis...
Definition
entertainment, changing bad habits, controlling pain.
Term
2 Types of Meditation...
Definition
Zen- focus on breathing.
Transcendental- focus on a mantra.
Term
Bobo Doll
Definition
Albert Bandura
Term
WISC/WAIS Tests
Definition
David Wechsler
Term
Surrogate Monkey
Definition
Harry Harlow
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