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| an extended metaphor in which people, things and actions represent an idea or generalization about life; they often have strong moral lessons. ( The boy who cried wold) |
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| a figure of speech that repeats the same initial sound in two or more nearby words. (Peter picked a peck of pickled peppers.) |
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| a reference in a literary work to a familiar person, place, event or thing (I was not born in a manger) |
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| repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, phrases, lines, etc. |
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| a figure of speech that uses an opposition or contrast of ideas for effect (creates tension)(Ex: We must learn to live together as brothers, or perish together as fools.”) |
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| a universal symbol, story pattern, theme, or character that appears often in literature, film, and art and is easily recognizable. (Ex: Athena, goddess of knowledge; Venus, goddess of love.) |
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| the repetition of the same vowel sound in two or more nearby words; the repetition may occur any where in the word. (“The murmuring of inumerable bees.”) |
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| process of breaking down a complex topic or substance into smaller parts (ex: DIDLS—Diction/Imagery/Details/Language/Syntax. |
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| a poem in verse form that tells a story (narrative poem) and that contains a refrain; ballads traditionally were meant to be sung. (Example: “Love Story” Taylor Swift; Nat King Cole!) |
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| a verse form consisting of unrhymed iambic pentameter lines; this verse is the closest to spoken english. (Is this a dagger which I see before me? (MacBeth) |
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| the method an author uses to describe characters and their personalities ( what a character say, does, and reveals. (Ex: She was one of the most beautiful dancers I’ve ever seen.” |
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| a five-line stanza of any meter or rhyme scheme. (Tree//sturdy, tall// climbing, swinging, playing//fun among the branches/maple.) |
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| the repetition of the same consonant sound before or after a different vowel in two or more nearby words; it is similar to alliteration, but it is not confined to the initial sound in a word. (Ex: first and last; odds and ends) |
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| two lines of poetry with the same meter and which often rhyme.(Twinkle twinkle little star//how I wonder what you are.) |
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| an author's word choice.(Ex: Emerson vs.Norman Maclean) |
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| moving away from the main plot or theme by presenting additional information that may or may not be relevant (Ex: a speech which digresses from the main point; a seeming break.) |
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| a continuation in the syntax from one line to another(Ex: “I think that I shall never see/A poem lovely as a tree.”) |
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| symbolic language that literary devices use to create special effects or feelings; this symbolic language makes comparisons, exaggerates and means different things based on its context.(Ex (an idiom, peculiar to itself in meaning) “It’s a bee in your bonnet.” |
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| literary devices used to create special effects or feelings by making comparisons or exaggerations (metaphor, simile, puns, personification) |
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| poetry that does not have a regular meter or a rhyme scheme (ex:any poetic form that’s not rhymed) |
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| literary type or form (Examples: anime, memoir, biography, creative nonfiction) |
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| a form of japanese poetry that has three lines consisting of 17 syllables: first line, 5 syllables; second line; 7 syllables' third lines, 5 syllables. The subject has traditionally been nature.(Ex: “It’s five syllables/then it’s seven syllables/then five syllables.” |
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| that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings.(hour/our) |
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| a figure of speech that exaggerates or overstates for dramatic effect.(ex: “to wait an eternity.” “We were starving by the time we got there.” |
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| that’s unique to its language.(Laissez-faire. Cat got your tongue?) |
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| words or phrases, sensory details, a write uses to represent objects, feelings, actions, or idea to appeal to our senses. Ex: E.B. WHITE!! Once more to the lake...essentially all nature pieces |
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| a reasonable conclusion about a character or event in a literary work drawn from the limited facts made available. Something the reader would perceive. (Ex: “The baby was asleep, I heard a thump [oh no! it fell ]”) |
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| when the audience knows something the characters do not; the use of a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or normal meaning; when the unexpected occurs.(“the fire station is on fire!”) (tree hugger killed by a tree) |
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| a figure of speech in which an indirect comparison is made. Ex: “time is a thief” |
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| : a figure of speech that substitutes one word for another that is closely related or a word that describe part of a whole. Ex: “the british ‘crown’.” |
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| the feelings a piece of literature arouses in a reader; overall the atmosphere of the work reflects it. Tone, style. Ex: Edgar Allen Poe (mood is dark, foreboding) |
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the use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning.
( Ex: “meow, crunch, boom boom pow!) |
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| a combination of contradictory terms that form a new word or title.(ex: “jumbo shrimp, old news, living dead”) |
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attribution of human feelings and characteristics to nature or inanimate things.
(ex: “the giving tree”) |
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| a figure of speech that embodies an inanimate object with human characteristics. (ex: “the farm buildings huddled like the clinging […] crouched low to the ground…”) |
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| point of view (first person): |
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| the narrator is a character in the story who can reveal only personal thoughts and feelings and what he or she sees and is told by other characters. The narrator cannot tell us thoughts of other characters. (Know second-person, or direct address, and third person, he/she/they, also.) (EX: Handmaid’s Tale, To Kill a Mockingbird) |
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| point of view (omniscient) |
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| the narrator is an all-knowing outsider who can enter the minds of other characters. Sometimes author inputs their own opinions into the story (EX: Sula, Lord of the Flies |
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| writing or speaking in the usual or ordinary form (not poetry). (Ex: Shakespeare’s “side characters” speaking in prose [informal]) |
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| a four-line stanza of any meter or rhyme stanza.(ex: iambic pentameter; “The curfew tolls the…” [Thomas Gray] |
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| a figure of speech in which a direct comparison is made using like or as. (ex: Hair flowed down her back like a waterfall.” hair as white as snow”) |
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| an opinion or makes a statement about the main ideas or topics of the literary work. (ex: A River Runs Through It—Giving and Receiving & THE RIVER) |
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| a writer's attitude toward the subject.(Ex: “ I want a wife.” Is satiric tone) |
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| a figure of speech that states an idea with restraint to emphasize what is written. the common usage of not bad to mean good is an example. (Ex: Just a scratch when in reality there is a LARGE DENT in a car) |
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| a self-contradictory phrase or a truth containing opposites. (Ex: “I can resist anything but temptation” –Oscar Wao |
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| A recurrent and dominant idea in a work of literature, for example an image, verbal pattern, character or foreshadowing that repeats. (Ex: Mongoose in Oscar Wao) |
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| connotation and denotation |
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| The meaning of a word in context; the actual dictionary definition. (ex: stop sign—stop—denotation. Connotation/In context: “He failed to stop at the stop sign.” |
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| A milder work or phrase which substitutes for another, more serious phrase. |
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| A brief quotation at the beginning of a literary work, or chapter of a work.(Ex: The epigraph in the beginning of This Boy’s Life by Tobias Wolff reads, “The first duty in life is to assume a pose. What the second is, no one has yet discovered.” – Oscar Wilde) (Hotchkiss note: Many writers use them in the beginning of books, some for each chapter. Usually it is a tribute to the author AND there is a connection to the theme or characters – see the epigraph/s in Oscar Wao. – If you write a book, you can include short quotes by other writers; however, if you take longer pieces, you need to get permission.) |
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| In which repeated syntax structures appear.(ex:“I needed life insurance; I needed a vacation; I needed a home in the country,” by Raymond Chandler) Hotchkiss note: anaphora is a similar term -- the difference is that in parallel construction, it usually involves full syntax – sentences that are parallel in construction, not just a word or phrase, so use this definition if you see longer parallel phraseology on the test.) |
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| Describes a change in pitch (spoken inflection) or in the form of a word; in literature, the emphasis is often indicated by the word written in italics. (ex: She knew he could never completely fulfill her, being restless and troubled at heart.) |
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The mixing of sense impressions, a response through several senses to one sense.
(ex: When she sang the ballad, he felt and thought he saw a cloud of blue emanating from her lips, which dissipated and travelled throughout the room long after the piercing notes had ended.”) |
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