Term
| What makes up the structure of Lymphatic |
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Definition
| Vast Collection of cells & biochemicals that travel in lymphatic vessels, & the organs & glands that produce them. |
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Term
| What is the Lymphatic Drainage. |
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Definition
| Movement of fluid from interstitial spaces into blood capillaries & lymphatic capillaries. |
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Term
| What causes the Lymphatic System to Increase in size. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the Spleen? |
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Definition
| Blood reservoir houses macrophages that remove foreign particles, damaged red blood cells, & cellular debris from the blood, contains lymphocytes. |
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Term
| What are the Phagocytosis cells? |
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Definition
| Removes foreign particles from the lymph as it moves from the interstitial spaces to the bloodstream. |
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Term
| What is the function of the immune system? |
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Definition
| Resistance to particular pathogens or to their toxins or metabolic by-products. Bases upon the ability to distinguish molecules that are part of the body from those that are not. |
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Term
| What are the different types of immunoglobulin? |
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Definition
| IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, & IgE |
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Term
| Which immunoglobulin is most abundent in blood? |
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Definition
| IgG makes accounts for about 80% of the antibodies. |
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Term
| Where are the Lymph Nodes located? |
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Definition
| Cervical Region - Axillary Region - Supratrochlear Region - Inguinal Region - Pelvic Cavity - Abdominal Cavity - Thoracic Cavity |
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Term
| What is the main function of Lymph Nodes? |
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Definition
| Filtering potentially harmful particles from lymph before returning it to the bloodstream & Monitoring body fluids (immune surveillance) provided by lymphocytes & macrophages. |
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Term
| What is an autoimmune disease? |
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Definition
| Immune system fails to distinguish self from nonself, producing antibodies, & cytotoxic T cells that attack & damage the body's tissues & organs. Loss of ability to tolerate self-antigens. |
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Term
| Example of autoimmune disease? |
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Definition
| Scleroderma - Graves Disease - Diabetes Mellitus - Rheumatic Fever - Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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Term
| What is vaccine & what does it do? |
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Definition
| A preparation that includes and antigen that can stimulate a primary immune response against a particular pathogen but does not produce the severe systems of that disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Like venous blood. Under relatively low hydrostatic pressure. Has help from contracting skeletal muscles in the limbs, pressure changes from the action of skeletal muscles used in breathing, & contraction of smooth muscles int he walls of the larger lymphatic trunks. Peaks during physical exercise due to actions of skeletal muscles & pressure changes associated with breathing. |
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Term
| Which immunoglobulins is responsible for primary immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is immunoglubulin produced? |
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Definition
| Begins with four chains of amino acids that are linked by pairs of sulfur atoms that attract by disulfide bonds. The four chains form a Y shaped structure. |
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Term
| What are the layers of the GI tract? |
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Definition
| Mucosa - Submucosa - Muscular - Serosa |
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Term
| What does the Salivary Glands do? |
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Definition
| Secrete saliva, which moistens food, helps bind food particles, begins chemical disestion of carbohydrates, makes taste possible, helps cleanse the mouth, & regulates PH in the mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Watery fluid that contains a digestive enzyme. |
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Term
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Definition
| Splits starch & glycogen molecules into disaccharides - the first step in the chemical digestion of carbohydrates. |
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Term
| What different cell types are produced in the stomach? |
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Definition
| Mucous Cell - Chief Cells - Parietal Cells |
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Term
| What is the function of cholecystokinin? |
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Definition
| Decreases gactric motility. Stimulates release of pancreatic juice from the pancreas & bile from the gallbladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Metabolizes carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins; stores some substances filters blood; destroys toxins; & secretes bile. |
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Term
| What does the large intestine do? |
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Definition
| Absorbs water & electrolytes & forms & stores feces. |
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Term
| What is the conquence of enlarged tonsils? |
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Definition
| They can block the passageways of the pharnx & interfere with breathing & swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Food return to the esophagus. Burning feeling in chest & esophagus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Overeating - Lying down to soon after eating - Acidic Foods |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlarged crystals in the gallbladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bile salts, bile pigments, & cholesterol become increasingly concentrated as the gall bladder lining reabsorbs some water & electrolytes. The cholesterol normally remains in solution, under certain conditions it my precipitate & form solid crystals. |
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Term
| What is the makeup of gallstones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer of GI tract is responsible for absorbition of food? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Closes off the top of the trachea so that food is less likely to enter the trachea. |
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Term
| Where does Epiglottis attach to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the Pyloric located? |
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Definition
| Funnel-Shaped portion that narrows & becomes the pyloric canal as it approaches the small intestine. |
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Term
| What does the pyloric do? |
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Definition
| Valve that controls gastric emptying. |
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Term
| Where is the Cecum located? |
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Definition
| Beginning of the large intestines. Dialated, pouchlike structure that hangs slightly inferior to the ileocecal opening. |
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Term
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Definition
| transition area expands in diameter, allowing food to travel from the small intestine to the large. |
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Term
| Where is the esophagus located? |
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Definition
| Straight collapsible tube about 25 CM long. Descends through the thorax posterior to the trachea, passing through the mediastinum. Penetrates the diaphragm through an opening, the esophageal hiatus & is continuous with the stomach on the abdomial side of the diaphragm. |
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Term
| What does the esophagus do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of passage of food through the GI tract? |
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Definition
| Begin in mouth, teeth grind food. Then the food passes down the ep. into the stomach. The the stomach mixes the food. Then in passes into the small intestines, the small intestines absorbe the nutrients, & water. Then to the large. Any remaining nutrients absorbe in the large. Then out thru the anus. |
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Term
| What are the different types of Monosaccarites |
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Definition
| Simple sugar such as fructose, & glucose. |
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Term
| What does the Pancreas do? |
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Definition
| Produces pancreatic juice that is secreted into a pancreatic duct. Pancreatic juice containes enqymes that can split carbohydrates, proteins, fats, & nucleic acids. |
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Term
| Type of food has complete set of of amino acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Negative nitrogen balance? |
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Definition
| A person who is starving has a negative nitrogen balance because the amount of nitrogen excreted as a result of amino acid oxidation exceeds the amount the diet replaces. |
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Term
| What are the different types of fat soluable vitamine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different types of water soluable vitamins |
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Definition
| B Complex - C - Folic Acid - Biotin |
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Term
| What are different type of trace elements. |
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Definition
| Iron - Manganese - Cooper - Iodine - Cobalt - Zinc - Fluorine - Selenium |
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Term
| What are the function of trace elements? |
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Definition
| Essential minerals found in minute amounts, each making up less than 0.005% |
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Term
| What does diatery fat do to the body? |
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Definition
| Supply energy for cellular processes, & help build structures, such as cell membranes. |
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Term
| What are the different examples of food linked to cancer? |
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Definition
| Red Meat - Sugar - Soft Drinks - Chared Food - Alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein starvation. Have protruding bellies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lake of all nutrients. Living skeletons. |
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Term
| What are the essential amino acids? |
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Definition
| Isoleucine - Leucine - Lysine - Methionine - Phenylalanine - Threonine - Tryptophan - Valine |
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Term
| Where is cholestrol synthysed. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the essential fatty acids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lacking visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is Positive nitrogen balance? |
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Definition
| A growing child, a pregnant woman, or an athlete in training is likely to have a positive nitrogen balance because more protein is being built into new tissue & less is being used for energy or excreted. |
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