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ap human geography
definitions
58
Geography
8th Grade
10/04/2015

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Term
agricultural density
Definition
the ratio if the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Term
arthmetic density
Definition
the total number of people drivided by the total land area
Term
base line
Definition
an east west line designated under the land ordinance of 1785 to faciliate the surveying and numbering of townships in the united states
Term
Cartography
Definition
The science of making maps
Term
Concentration
Definition
The spread of something over a given area
Term
Connections
Definition
Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
Term
Contagious diffusion
Definition
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population
Term
Cultural ecology
Definition
Geographic approach that emphasizes the human-environment relationships
Term
Cultural landscapes
Definition
Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group
Term
Culture
Definition
The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a groups distinct tradition
Term
Density
Definition
The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time
Term
Distance decay
Definition
The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
Term
Distribution
Definition
The arrangement of something across Earth's surface
Term
Environmental determinism
Definition
A nineteenth- and early twentieth- century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities
Term
Expansion diffusion
Definition
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process
Term
Formal region
Definition
An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics
Term
Functional region
Definition
An area organized around a node or focal point
Term
Geographic information system
Definition
A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data
Term
Global positioning system
Definition
A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers
Term
Globalization
Definition
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
Term
Greenwhich Mean Time
Definition
The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude
Term
Hearth
Definition
The region from which innovative ideas originate
Term
Hierarchical diffusion
Definition
The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
Term
International Date Line
Definition
An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west, the calendar moves ahead one day
Term
Land Ordinance of 1785
Definition
A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers
Term
Latitude
Definition
The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator
Term
Location
Definition
The position of anything on Earth's surface
Term
Longitude
Definition
The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian
Term
Map
Definition
A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it
Term
Mental map
Definition
An internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located
Term
Meridian
Definition
An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles
Term
Parallel
Definition
A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
Term
Pattern
Definition
The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
Term
Physiological density
Definition
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Term
Place
Definition
A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character
Term
Polder
Definition
Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area
Term
Possibilism
Definition
The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
Term
Prime Meridian
Definition
The meridian, designated at 0° longitude, which passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England
Term
Principle Meridian
Definition
A north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the U.S
Term
Projection
Definition
The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map
Term
Region
Definition
An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features
Term
Regional studies
Definition
An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area
Term
Relocation diffusion
Definition
The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to anothe
Term
Remote sensing
Definition
The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods
Term
Resource
Definition
A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use
Term
Scale
Definition
Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface
Term
Section
Definition
A square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the United States into 36 sections
Term
Site
Definition
The physical character of a place
Term
Situation
Definition
The location of a place relative to other places
Term
Space
Definition
The physical gap or interval between two objects
Term
Space-time compression
Definition
The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems
Term
Stimulus diffusion
Definition
The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected
Term
Toponym
Definition
The name given to a portion of Earth's surface
Term
Township
Definition
A square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the United States into a series of townships
Term
Transnational corporation
Definition
A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located
Term
Uneven development
Definition
The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy
Term
Vernacular region
Definition
An area that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity
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