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AP Human
Ch. 7 Vocab
37
Geography
10th Grade
12/05/2009

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Term
religion
Definition
a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities
Term
secularism
Definition
the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth
Term
monotheistic religion
Definition
belief system in which one supreme being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe
Term
polytheistic religion
Definition
belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe
Term
animistic religion
Definition
the belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and other elements of the natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on earth
Term
universalizing religions
Definition
a belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope
Term
ethnic religion
Definition
a religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people. adherents do no actively seek converts
Term
hinduism
Definition
one of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4000 years, and originating in the indus river valley of what is today part of pakistan
Term
buddhism
Definition
religion founded in the sixth century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightement would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire
Term
taoism
Definition
religion believed to have been founded by lao-tsu and based upon his book entittled "book of the way". he focused on the proper form of political rule and on the openess of humanity and nature
Term
feng shui
Definition
means "wind-water"; the chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities
Term
confucianism
Definition
a philosophy of ethics, education and public service based on the writings of confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of chineses culture
Term
judaism
Definition
religion with its roots in the teachings of abraham, who is credited with uniting his people to worship only one god
Term
diaspora
Definition
describes forceful or voluntary dispersal of people from their homeland to a new place
Term
zionism
Definition
the movement to unite the jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land
Term
christianity
Definition
religion based on the teachings of jesus, the son of god, placed on earth to teach people how to live according to god's plan
Term
eastern orthodox church
Definition
one of the three major branches of christianity, arose out of the division of the roman empire
Term
roman catholic church
Definition
one of the three major branches of christianity, arose out of the division of the roman empire
Term
protestant
Definition
one of the three major branches of christianity, arose out of the division of roman empire
Term
islam
Definition
the youngest of the major world religions, based on the teachings of muhammad, born in mecca in 571 CE
Term
sunni
Definition
adherents to the largest branch of islam, called orthodox or traditionalist
Term
shi'ite
Definition
adherents of one of the two main divisions of islam
Term
shamanism
Definition
community faith in traditional societies in which people follow their shaman-a religious leader, teacher, healer, and visionary
Term
pilgrimage
Definition
voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacerd site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site
Term
sacred sites
Definition
place or space people infuse with religious meaning
Term
minarets
Definition
tower attached to a muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier calls muslims to prayer
Term
hajj
Definition
the muslim pilgrimage to mecca, the birthplace of muhammed
Term
interfaith boundaries
Definition
boundaries between the world's major faiths
Term
intrafaith boundaries
Definition
boundaries within a single major faith
Term
genocide
Definition
the systematic killing or extermination of an entire people or nation
Term
activity space
Definition
the space within which daily activity occurs
Term
religious fundamentalism
Definition
religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy
Term
religious extremism
Definition
religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence
Term
sharia law
Definition
the system of islamic law, sometimes called qu'ranic law and are based on varying degrees of interpretation of the qu'ran
Term
jihad
Definition
a doctrine within islam commonly translated as holy war, but represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the qu'ran
Term
caste system
Definition
the strict social segregation of people-specifically in india, hindu society- on the basis of ancestry and occupation
Term
shintoism
Definition
religion located in japan and related to buddhism and focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship
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