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AP Human Geo (Wiley) Unit One
Vocabulary
42
Geography
11th Grade
02/07/2012

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Term
Human Geography
Definition
how people make places, howw we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our locality, region, and world
Term
Globalization
Definition
set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders
Term
Physical Geography
Definition
study of physical phenomena on Earth
Term
Spatial Distribution
Definition
how something is distributed across space
Term
Pandemics
Definition
worldwide outbreak of a disease
Term
Spatial Perspective
Definition
study of a multitude of phenomena ranging from political elections and urban shantytowns to gay neighborhoods and folk music
Term
Five Themes of Geography
Definition
Location
Human-environment
Region
Place
Movement
Term
Location
Definition
highlights how the geographical position of people and things on the Earth's surface affects what happens and why
Term
Location Theory
Definition
element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a wide rang of questions.
(i.w. why are villages, towns, and cities spaced the way they are?)
Term
Human-environment
Definition
consideration of the relationship among phenomena in individual places -including relationships between humans and the physical world.
Term
Region
Definition
area on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon
Term
Place
Definition
uniqueness of a location
Term
Sense of Place
Definition
state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character
Term
Epidemic
Definition
regional outbreak of a disease
Term
Perceptions of places
Definition
belief or understanding about a place developed through books, movies, stories, or pictures
Term
Movement
Definition
mobility of people, goods, and ides across the surface of the planet
Term
Spatial interaction
Definition
condition that exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands
Term
fieldwork
Definition
study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places
Term
Accessibility
Definition
degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations. Varies from places to place and can be measured
Term
Connectivity
Definition
degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network
Term
Landscape
Definition
overall appearance of an area. Most landscapes are compromised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences
Term
Cultural Landscape
Definition
visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape.

The layers of buildings, forms, artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants
Term
Sequent Occupance
Definition
notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
Term
Perceptual Region
Definition
region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea, not as a physically demarcated entity. (i.e. the south or the Mid-Atlantic region)
Term
Culture
Definition
sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society.
Term
Culture Trait
Definition
single element of normal practice in a culture such as the wearing of a turban
Term
Culture complex
Definition
related set of cultural traits such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils
Term
Cultural Hearth
Definition
heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture
Term
Distance Decay
Definition
effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater distance the less interaction
Term
Mental Map
Definition
image or picture of the way space is organized by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space
Term
Activity Space
Definition
the space within which daily activity occurs
Term
Scale
Definition
Representation of real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. In cartography the ratio of map distance to ground distance; indicated on a map as a bar graph, representative fraction, and or verbal statement
Term
Formal Region
Definition
type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; homogeneous region
Term
Functional Region
Definition
region defined by the particular set of activities of interactions that occur within it
Term
Cultural barrier
Definition
prevailing cultural attitude or rendering certain innovations, ideas, or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture
Term
Expansion Diffusion
Definition
spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination
Term
Contagious Diffusion
Definition
distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person- analogous to the communication of contagious illness
Term
Hierarchical diffusion
Definition
an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or people.
Term
Stimulation Diffusion
Definition
a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place
Term
Relocation Diffusion
Definition
sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones.
Term
Environmental determinism
Definition
the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development.
Term
Cultural Ecology
Definition
multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment
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