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| geographical area that contains the space an individual interacts with on a daily basis |
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| movement within city planning and urban design that stressed the marriage of older, classical forms with newer, industrial ones. Common characteristics of this period include wide thorough-fares, spacious parks, and civic monuments that stressed national unity, freedom, and progress |
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| central business district |
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| downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high, and transportation systems converge |
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| theory formulated by Walter Christaker in the early 1900s that explains the size and distribution of cities in the terms of a competitive supply of goods and services to dispersed populations |
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| movement in environmental design that drew directly from the beaux arts school. Architects from this movement strove to impact order on hectic, industrial centers by creating urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride, which many feared was absent from the frenzied new industrial world |
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| cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infastructures |
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| models that describes urban environments as a series of rings of distinct land uses radiating from a central core, or central business district |
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| cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same functions of urban areas, but in a sprawling decentralized suburban environment |
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| cities in europe that were mostly developed during the Medieval period and that retain many of the same characteristics such as extreme density of development with narrow buildings and winding streets, an ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack |
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| person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas |
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| cities that arose during the Middle Ages and that actually represent a time of relative stagnation in urban growth. This system fostered a dependent relationship between wealthy landowners and peasants who worked their land, providing very little alternative economic opportunities |
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| cities, that because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas |
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| trend of the middle and upper income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture but also replacing low income populations, and changing the social character of certain neighborhoods |
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| process occurring in many inner cities in which they become dilapidated centers of poverty, as affluent whites move out to the suburbs and immigrants and people of color vie for scarce jobs and resources |
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| market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves |
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| period characterized by the rapid social and economic changes in the manufacturing and agriculture that occurred in England during the late 18th century and rapidly diffused to other parts of the developed world |
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| those parts of large urban areas that lose significant portions of their populations as a result of change in industry or migration to suburbs. Because of these changes, the inner city loses its tax base and becomes a center of poverty |
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| cities in Muslim countries that owe their structure to their religious beliefs. Islamic cities contain mosques at their center and walls guarding their perimeter. Open air markets, court yards surrounded by high walls, and dead-end streets, which limit foot traffic in residential neighborhoods, also characterize Islamic cities |
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| cities in Latin America that owe much of their structure to colonialism, the rapid rise of industrialism, and continual rapid increases in population. Similar to other colonial cities, they also demonstrate distinctive sectors of industrial or residential development radiating out from the central business district, where most industrial and financial activity occurs |
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| cities that developed in Europe during the Medieval period and that contain such unique features as extreme density of development with narrow buildings, and winding streets, an ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack |
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| cities, mostly characteristic of the developing world, where high population growth and migration have caused them to explode in population since WW2. All of these are plagued by chaotic and unplanned growth, terrible population, and widespread poverty. |
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| several metropolitan areas that were originally separate but that have joined together to forma a large, sprawling urban complex |
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| within the US, an urban area consisting of one or more whole units, usually containing several urbanized areas, or suburbs, that all act together as a coherent economic whole. |
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| point of view, wherein cities and buildings are thought to act like well oiled machines, with little energy spent on frivolous details or ornate designs. Efficient, geometrical structures made of concrete and glass denominated urban forms half a century while this view prevailed |
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| type of urban form wherein cities have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one central place |
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| geographical centers of activity. A large city will have numerous of these |
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| a reaction in architectural design to the feeling of sterile alienation that many people get from modern architecture. uses older, historical styles and a sense of lightheartedness and eclecticism. Buildings combine pleasant looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and to create spaces that are more people friendly than their modernist predecessors |
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| country's leading city, with a population that is disproportionately greater than other urban areas within the same country |
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| rule that states that the population of any given town should be inversely proportional to its rank in the country's hierarchy when the distribution of cities according to their sizes follows a certain plan |
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| model or urban land use that places the central business district in the middle with wedge-shaped sectors radiating outwards from the center along transportation corridors |
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| process that results from suburbanization when affluent individuals leave the city center for homogenous suburban neighborhoods. This process isolates those individuals who cannot afford to consider relocating to suburban neighborhoods and must remain in certain pockets of the city center |
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| residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants |
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| residential communities located outside of city centers, that are usually relatively homogenous in terms of population |
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| geographical boundaries placed around a city to limit suburban growth within that city |
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| physical form of a city or urban region |
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| process occurring in some urban areas experiencing inner city decay that usually involves the construction of new shopping districts, entertainment venues and cultural attractions to entice young urban professionals back into the cities where nightlife and culture are more accessible |
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| process of expansive suburban development over large areas spreading out from a city in which the automobile provides the primary source of transportation |
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| centers of economic culture and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce |
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