Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Human Geography Barron's Ch.4 Vocab
Cultural Geography
60
Geography
9th Grade
11/06/2011

Additional Geography Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
acculturation
Definition
adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another
Term
animism
Definition
most prevalent in Africa and the Americas, doctrine in which the world is seen as being infused with spiritual and even supernatural powers
Term
artifact
Definition
any item that represents a material aspect of culture
Term
Buddhism
Definition
system of belief that seeks to explain the ultimate realities for all people, such as the nature of suffering and the path toward self realization
Term
Caste system
Definition
system in India that gives every Indian a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth; may improve position in their next life through actions, or karma. After many lives of good karma, they earn their place in heaven
Term
Christianity
Definition
world's most widespread religion; monotheistic; uses missionaries to expand; 3 major categories are Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox
Term
Creole
Definition
pidgin language that evolves to the point it becomes the primary language of the people who speak it
Term
cultural complex
Definition
group of traits that define a particular culture
Term
cultural extinction
Definition
obliteration of an entire culture by war, disease, acculturation, or a combination of 3
Term
cultural geography
Definition
subfield of human geography that looks how cultures vary over space
Term
cultural hearth
Definition
locations on earth's surface where specific cultures first arose
Term
cultural imperialism
Definition
dominance of one culture over another
Term
cultural trait
Definition
specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture (ie language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of pop culture)
Term
culture
Definition
total way of life held in common by a group of people, including learned features such as languages, ideology, behavior, technology, and government
Term
custom
Definition
practices followed by the people of a particular cultural group
Term
denomination
Definition
particular religious group usually associated with differing Protestant belief systems
Term
dialect
Definition
geographically distinct versions of a single language that vary somewhat from the parent form
Term
diaspora
Definition
people who come from a common ethnic background but live in different regions outside the home of their ethnicity
Term
ecumene
Definition
proportion of earth inhabited by humans
Term
environmental determinism
Definition
a doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions
Term
esperanto
Definition
a constructed international auxiliary language incorporating aspects of numerous linguistic traditions to create a universal means of communication
Term
ethnic cleansing
Definition
systematic attempt to remove all people of a certain ethnicity from a country or region either by forced migration or genocide
Term
ethnic neighborhood
Definition
area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background
Term
ethnic religion
Definition
religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and that does not seek new converts
Term
ethnicity
Definition
a group of people who share a common identity
Term
evangelical religions
Definition
religion in which an effort is made to spread a particular belief system
Term
folk culture
Definition
refers to a constellation of cultural practices that form the sights, smells, sounds, and rituals of everyday existence in the traditional societies in which they developed
Term
fundamentalism
Definition
strict adherence to a particular doctrine
Term
genocide
Definition
premeditated effort to kill everyone within a particular ethnic group
Term
ghetto
Definition
segregated ethnic area within a city
Term
global religion
Definition
religion in which members are numerous and widespread and their doctrines might appeal to different people from any region of the globe
Term
Hinduism
Definition
cohesive and unique society, most prevalent in India, that integrates spiritual beliefs with daily practices and official institutions such as the Caste system
Term
Indo-European family
Definition
language family including the Germanic and Romance languages that is spoken by about 50% of the world's people
Term
Islam
Definition
monotheistic; god is Allah, Muhammad is prophet; based in city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of Muhammad
Term
Isoglosses
Definition
geographical boundary where linguistic differences meet
Term
Judaism
Definition
first major monotheistic religion; based on sense of ethnic identity, and its adherents tend to form tight knit communities wherever they live
Term
language extinction
Definition
when a language is no longer in use by any living people
Term
language family
Definition
collection of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similarities
Term
lingua franca
Definition
extremely simple language that combines aspects of two or more other more complex languages, usually used for quick and efficient communications
Term
literacy
Definition
the ability to read and write
Term
local religion
Definition
religions that are spiritually bounded to a particular region
Term
minority
Definition
racial or ethnic group smaller than and differing from the majority or ethnicity in a particular area or region
Term
missionary
Definition
person of a particular faith that travels in order to recruit new members into the faith represented
Term
monotheism
Definition
worship of one god
Term
multicultural
Definition
having to do with many cultures
Term
official language
Definition
language in which all government business occurs in a country
Term
pidgin
Definition
language that may develop when two groups of people with different languages meet; has some characteristics of each language
Term
pilgrimage
Definition
journey to a place of religious importance
Term
polyglot
Definition
multilingual state
Term
polytheism
Definition
worship of one or more gods
Term
pop (or popular) culture
Definition
dynamic culture based in a large, heterogeneous society permitting considerable individualism, innovation, and change, having a money based economy, division of labor into profession, secular institutions of control, and weak interpersonal ties; producing and consuming machine made goods
Term
race
Definition
group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns, or genetically inherited characteristics
Term
Romance language
Definition
any of the languages derived from Latin including Italian, Spanish, French, and Romanian
Term
shaman
Definition
single person who takes on the roles of priest, counselor, and physician and acts as a conduit to the supernatural world in a shamanist culture
Term
Sino-Tibetan family
Definition
language area that spreads through most of SE Asia and China and is comprised of Chinese, Burmese, Tibetan, Japanese, and Korean
Term
Syncretic
Definition
traditions that borrow from both the past and present
Term
toponym
Definition
place names given to certain features on the land such as settlements, terrain features, and streams
Term
Tradition
Definition
cohesive collection of customs within a cultural group
Term
transculturation
Definition
expansion of cultural traits through diffusion, adoption, and other related processes
Term
universalizing religion
Definition
religion that seeks to unite people from all over the globe
Supporting users have an ad free experience!