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| Central Business District (CBD) |
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| The downtown heart of a central city, the CBD is marked by high landvalues, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings. |
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| The possibility of change that results from people living together in cities. |
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| The entire built-up, nonrural area and its population, including the most recently constructed suburban appendages. Provides a better picture of the dimensions and pooulation of such an area that the delimited muncipality (central city) that forms at the heart. |
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| Conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics. |
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| A relatively small, egalitarian village, where most of the population was involved in agriculture. Starting over 10,000 years ago, people began to cluster in agricultural villages as they stayed in one place to tend their crops. |
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| One of the two components, together with social stratification, that enable he formation of cities; agricultural producction in excess of that which the producer needs for his or her own sustenance and that of his or her family and which is trhen sold for consumption by others. |
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| One of the two components, together with agricultural surplus, which enables the formation of citites; the differentation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige. |
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| Group of decision-makers and organizers in early citieswho controlled the resources, and often the lives, of others. |
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| The innovation of the city, which occured independently in five seperate hearths. |
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| Region of great cities (e.g. Ur and Babylon) located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; chronologically the first urban hearth, dating back to 3500 BCE, and which was founded in the Fertile Cresent. |
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| Chronologically the second urban hearth, dating back to 3200 BCE. |
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| Chronologically, the third urban hearth, dating to 2200 BCE. |
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| Huang He (Yellow) and Wei (Yangtzi) River Valleys |
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| Rivers in present-day China; it was the confluence of the Huang He and Wei Riverswhere chronologically the fourth urban hearth was established around 1500 BCE. |
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| Chronologically the fifth urban hearth, dating to 200 BCE. |
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| an early adopter of the cultural practiceor trait that becomesa central locale rfom which the practice or traitfurther diffuses. |
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| Literally "high point of the city." the uppper fortified part of an ancient Greek city, usually devoted to religious purposes. |
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| In ancient Greece, public spaces where citizens, debated, lectured, judged each other, planned military campaigns, socialized, and traded. |
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| The internal physical attributes of a place; its absolute location, its spatial character and physical setting. |
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| The external locational attributes of a place; ita relative location or regional postion with refernce to other nonlogical places. |
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| The study if the physical form and structure of urban places. |
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| The division of a city into different regions or zones (e.g. residential or industrial) for certain purposes or functions (e.g. housing or manufacturing). |
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| The focal point of ancient Roman life combining the functions of the ancient Greek acropolis and agora. |
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| Adjacent to every town and city within which its influence is dominant. |
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| In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversly proportional to its rank in the hierarchy. |
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| A country's largest city-ranking atop the urban hierarchy-most expensive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well. |
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| Theory proposed by Walter Chrstaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another. |
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| Th emovement of millions of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest regions (Sunbelt) of the United States. |
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| Area of a city with a relatively uniform land use (e.g. an indiviadual zonation, or residential zone. |
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| The urban area that is not surburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs. |
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| A subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city. many are exclusively residential; others have their own commercial centers or shopping malls. |
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| movement otf upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorationg social conditions (percieved and actual). In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century. |
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| A structual model of the American central sity that suggests the existence of five concentric land-use rings arranged around a common center. |
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