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Cleveland vs. Harrison vs. James Weaver
Cleveland wins |
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| Populous or People's Party candidate for Election of 1892 |
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| unlimited coinage of silver 16:1, graduated income tax, 1-term limit for presidency, 8hr work day, restrict immigration |
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| Andrew Carnegie's steelmill workers go on strike for more pay, less hours, etc. |
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| Railroads from 1865 to 1900 |
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| Pacific Railway Act (1862) |
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| Lincoln's act that delegates $ from gov. to help with new railroads |
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stretches west form Omaha, Nebraska
1000+ mi of track |
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| stretches east from Sacramento |
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make fortune from railroad.
owned the New York Central rail
massed $ 100,000,000 (million) |
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| Standard Gauge of track for all railroads |
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arose from trains
to know exact schedule |
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| Pools, Kickbacks, Free Passes |
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-Companies could protect investments with pools, got together and split businesses, monopoly formed
-People who used train co. would get rebates to keep that co. using the same rail
-wealthy got free passes to ride |
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created ICC (interstate commerce commission)to regulate railroads,
tried to make pools, rebates, etc. illegal, not that effective but 1st gvmnt involvement in regulating big business |
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| reasons for Industrialization |
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-rivers and plentiful nat. resourses in America
-large work force from unskilled laborers (immigrants)
American ingenuity and imagination (strong will to succeed) |
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| telephone enhances communication |
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| Wizard of Menlo Park (Thomas Edison) |
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| lightbulb/electric light, allowed factories to stay open all night (graveyard shift) |
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| one co. or owner controls every aspect of production process. |
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| TRUSTS given to smaller companies, but main company still controls the big picture. (Standard Oil Company) |
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| Interlocking Directorates |
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| (J.P. Morgan) buy shares in all smaller companies. but they all supporting each other |
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| young, scottish, humble guy. through education and hardwork he founded US Steel., the most valuable co. in the US. he sold it to JP Morgan for 400 mill. gave away 350 mill. |
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| carry a clean living through hard work, made money of RR, est. Standard Oil Company |
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| Captains of the meatpacking industry |
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| Gustavus Swift and Phillip Armour |
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| people with money rise to the top, and only the strong decide in business |
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| published "Acres of Diamonds" said that there is not a single person that is poor that's not there because his own shortcomings |
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| having wealth is God's will for you, you should give some away, but not all away to one person, because money corrupts |
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| Sherman Anti- Trust Act (1890) |
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it said combinations of companies that form monopolies are illegal.
(WASN'T SUCCESSFUL) |
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| editor of Atlanta Journal. "New South" he said that it's time for south to move away from just ag. that south should try to push to outproduce north in factories. |
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| represented skilled and unskilled workers. wanted 8hr. workday also. regulate some RR b/c Interstate Commerce not doing anything. by 1886, there 700,000 ppl. |
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| May 4, 1886. protestors protesting about police brutality. police come over, German anarchists throw dynamite into cops 8 die 60 wounded, they blow up. get mad, shoot back, 8 die 40 wounded. 8 German anarchists go on trial, and somehow get mixed with Knights of Labor (downfall of KoL) |
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| founded American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
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| American Federation of Labor |
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association that represents all unions of all businesses. DAD of unions, (makes critical big decisions) hated socialism.
he wanted shorter hours, safer conditions, and better wages |
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| to keep job you had to join THAT company's Union. |
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| skyscrapers. more preserving nature, to build didn't destroy surrounding area |
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-overcrowded (difference in morals conflict)
-crime rate big (mafia)
-no trash service and sewer system still primitive
-Dumbbell Tenents (ppl live in poor disgusting apartment houses 7 or 8 stories) |
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| where immigration from (countries) |
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| Hungary, Russia, Poland, Italy, Greece (Hungry Russian PIGs?)maybe spain too |
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| religions that came in with immigrants |
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| Orthodox Christians and Jews |
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-Europe getting overpopulated
-they heard American was land of Opportunity |
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| what is new form of nativism? what are we scared of with new immigrants? |
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| socialism, communism, anarchism |
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| roots in England. came to US at end of reconstruction. Takes care of impoverished society |
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started Hull House. which set precedent for settlement houses. (helped incoming immigrants to learn english, health, etc.)
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE (1931) |
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| brought Red Cross to America. similar to salvation army. also have tragedy supplies and military supplies. it social movement. |
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| established Women's Christian Temperance Union 1874 |
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| Women's Christian Temperance Union |
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| pushed for temperance and suffrage. one of most IMPORTANT groups |
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| her first husband died of alcoholism. take it on her to DO AWAY WITH ALCOHOL. took hatchet into bars and tears them up. little old lady. arrested 30 times. SINGLE WOMAN CAMPAIGN against alcohol |
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| they have political connections. WCTU didn't have this. so Anti-Saloon League got more done b/c they were mostly wives of politicians. |
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young african american, educated. "Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all it's Phases" "A Red Record" exposed lynching.
created WOMENS CLUB for black women's suffrage b/c white women not let them in theirs. |
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| made Tuskegee Institute in Alabama (1881)(taught black men a vocational trade other than farming.) he come up with ACCOMODATION in ATLANTA COMPROMISE (had to accept segregation grudgingly in exchange for right to create economic and educational resources for black community.) |
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he opposite to Booker T. Washington in that he wanted IMMEDIATE end to segregation. NIAGARA MOVEMENT pushed the immediate end and laid the groundwork. NAACP (national association for the advancement of colored people)
he said "the talented 10th" 1 out of 10 black men would become leaders in their community if given the advantages of white man |
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| D.L. Moody and Christian Scientists |
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urban revivals that meant to reach EVERYONE. started "Moody Bible Institute" (seminary)
-they believed that just FAITH would heal them. no doctors or medicine. |
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| Young Man's Christian Association. physical plus biblical. learn bible and work out. eventually in every major city |
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| (1859) "Origin of Species" evolution.natural selection. got a lot of religion HEAT. cast doubt on the Bible. most ppl condemned him and sort of blacklisted him. |
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| lake in NY. lectures sponsored speakers (Mark Twain, etc.) about education created courses you take at home. HOMESCHOOL. 100,000 ppl. were enrolled in it. |
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| land granted to states for education purposes |
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| came up with Pragmatism- in order to get to truth, it should be tested. applying it to everyday life. theories are a waste of time. |
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| "Looking Backward" novel based on socialism. (falls asleep and wakes up in yr. 2000. basically praises socialism for it being perfect.) |
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| wrote series as American is land of opportunity. RAGS-TO-RICHES. value morality. |
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| other name for the Wild West |
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| "The Great American Desert" |
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| 3 army generals dealing with Indians |
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-Sherman- sent out to tkae care of indian problem
-Sheriden- "only good indian is a dead indian"
-Custer- overconfident, thought he was the shiz |
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| SHIVINGTON led troops in 1864, 400 unarmed men, women, and children. they BUTCHERED |
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| "Sitting Bull" "Crazy Horse" gold found in South Dakota. this was Sioux territory. we trespass, they start killing prospectors. Sitting Bull took troops to Canada (didn't make it) |
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| The Battle of Little Big Horn |
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| "Crazy Horse" 264 heavily trained US men. Custer's last stand. 2500 indians. ALL 264 AND CUSTER SLAUGHTERED. |
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| Nezperce. in Idaho.he most humane and very cooperative. supposed to surrender, but went on CHASE. 75 days, 1500 miles. they got 30 miles from the border of Canada. "I will fight no more forever" all Nezperce put in reservation in Kansas. |
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| LAST MAJOR STAND OF INDIANS. Sioux refuse to surrender. cult dance "The Ghost Dance" fuse souls w/ ancestors to learn what to do. WE CAME AND STOMPED THEM OUT though. 300 killed. |
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| "Century of Dishonor" (1881) expose that government is deceive indians. |
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(1887) act to help with reform.
-dissolve tribes
-wiped out native ownership of land.
-set up alottments of land for each indian families 160 acres.
-reservations est.
-boarding schools for children made
-field matrons (women taught native women how to be women)
-"kill indian, save the man" |
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| Pike's Peak and Comstock Load |
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Definition
lots gold found. Pike's peekers.
lot's gold and silver
mining towns, rough etc. |
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| take cattle and drive over long distances to RR terminal and travel hundreds of miles. bandits, flooding, lightning |
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| SAFETY VALVE, that's where go release pressure. gave 160 acres (maybe $5 for processing but that's it)had to live for 5 years and make some improvements to keep it, like build a house, etc. |
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| (1893) "Turner Thesis" when frontier closed, so did an era in American History. and frontier thing made American identity. |
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| Ag and rise of the Farmer |
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| "meat producing breadbasket" |
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The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry. anything farmers needed, the Grange pushed for. est. by OLIVER KELLEY.
set up cooperative stores and warehouses. (more than one owner) |
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| 20% unemployment, 6,000 businesses close down. depression. |
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Jacob Coxey. wealthy business man who owns a rock quarry. wanted to get rid of unemployment rate. wanted to cause inflation to make public works program, but get rid of unemployment.
promised to bring 500,000 protesters that marched on Washing. only brings 500 and they get arrested for trespassing by walking on the grass. |
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| Eugene V. Debs. est. American Railway Union, dominated Union. ARU forced ppl go on strike but blocked off part of mail service, so fed. troops sent in and break it up. Debs arrested. 6 mos. in prison and got out and became leader of socialist movement. |
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REP- William McKinley-ohio senator cival war vet.
backed by Mark Hanna, iron tycoon, gvmnt help big business guy. -protect tariffs -GOLD standard
DEM- William Jennings Bryan. wanted SILVER. CROSS OF GOLD speeck. but he lose. |
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| either expand or explode. also desire to compete with european empires. |
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| Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan |
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| "The Influence of Seapower on History" if you control the sea you control the world, began NAVAL ARMS RACE. by 1900, we 3rd largest navy |
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| "Our Country" we need to expand but also take christianity and democracy there with us. |
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| Mckinley Tariff Bill affects americans on Hawaii that trade with mainland. they fight it and petition congress to annex Hawaii. Queen Liliuokalani only wants Hawaiians to rule. first argument about imperialism |
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| led revolt on Hawaii...Hawaii annexed in 1898 |
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| Pulitzer and yellow journalism |
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| Pulitzer and Hearst have competition about CUBA and conditions. so Pulitzer sends Remington there to take pics, but not that bad, so twist it to sound worse than what it really is. Yellow Journalism and sesationalism |
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| Main reason we get into war with Cubans (Spanish) |
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| U.S.S. Main is blown up in their harbor killing 266. it was sent just in case need to evacuate ppl |
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