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AP Gov't Ch 10
Chapter 10
26
Debate/Speech
Undergraduate 1
11/16/2007

Additional Debate/Speech Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Brown (1954)
Definition
Brown v. Board of Education (1954): Said that separate public schools are inherently unequal, thus starting racial discretion.
Term
Gideon(1963)
Definition
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): The Court had ruled that in state criminal trials, the state must supply an indigent defendant with a lawyer only if special circumstances exist. These special circumstances include complex charges, incompetence, and illiteracy on the part of the defendant.
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Definition
Upheld separate-but-equal facilities for white and black people on railroad cars.
Term
Miranda(1966)
Definition
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966): Court describes ruling that police must give to arrested persons.
Term
Dred Scott(1856)
Definition
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1856): The United States Supreme Court decided that ruled that people of African descent, whether or not they were slaves, could never be citizens of the United States, and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories.
Term
Mapp (1961)
Definition
Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Evidence illegally gathered by the police may not be used in a criminal trial.
Term
Incumbent
Definition
The person already holding an elective office.
Term
Coattails
Definition
The alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president.
Term
Political Action Committee (PAC)
Definition
A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations.
Term
Malapportionment
Definition
Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population.
Term
Gerrymandering
Definition
Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party.
Term
Sophomore Surge
Definition
An increase in votes congressional candidates usually get when they first run for reelection.
Term
Position Issues
Definition
An issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions.
Term
Valence Issue
Definition
An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs.
Term
Clothespin Vote
Definition
The vote cast by a person who does not like either candidate and so votes for the less objectionable of the two, putting a clothespin over his or her nose to keep out the unpleasant stench.
Term
General Election
Definition
AN election held to choose which candidate will hold office.
Term
Primary Election
Definition
An election held to choose candidates for office.
Term
Closed Primary
Definition
A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered part members.
Term
Open Primary
Definition
A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place.
Term
Blanket Primary
Definition
A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties.
Term
Runoff Primary
Definition
A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary.
Term
Independent Expenditures
Definition
Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them.
Term
Soft Money
Definition
Funds Obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate.
Term
527 Organization
Definition
Organizations that, under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, raise and spend money to political causes.
Term
Prospective voting
Definition
Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues.
Term
Retrospective Voting
Definition
Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in the office.
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