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AP Government CH 4
study guide and vocab >_<
20
History
12th Grade
11/03/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Libertarianism
Definition
Ideology that cherishes:

+ individual liberty

+ limited gov't

+ free-market economy

+ noninterventionist foreign policy, and

+ absence of regulation in moral and social spheres
Term
Environmentalism
Definition
Ideology that has concern for environment, but also promotes:

+ grass-roots democracy

+ social justice

+ equal opportunity

+ nonviolence

+ respect for diversity, and

+ feminism
Term
Socialism
Definition
An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange.



"From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." - Karl Marx
Term
Conservatism
Definition
A belief that limited government ensures order, competitive markets, and personal opportunity.

+ pessimistic view of human nature
Term
Liberalism
Definition
A belief in the positive uses of government to bring about justice and equality of opportunity

+ optimistic view of human nature
Term
Ideology
Definition
One's basic beliefs about political values and the role of government.
Term
Anti-Trust Legislation
Definition
Federal laws (starting with the Sherman Act of 1890) that try to prevent monopolies from dominating an industry and restraining trade.
Term
Monopolies
Definition
Large corporations of firms that donate their industries and are able to artificially fix prices and discourage competition.
Term
Capitalism
Definition
An economic system characterized by:

+ private property,

+ competitive markets,

+ economic incentives, and

+ limited gov't involvement in the production and pricing of goods and services
Term
American Dream
Definition
The widespread belief that individual initiative and hard work can bring economic success, and that the US is a land of opportunity.
Term
Where we learn the American political culture...
Definition
+ family

+ school

+ religious and civic organizations

+ mass media

+ political activities
Term
Popular Sovereignty
Definition
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Term
Majority Rule
Definition
Governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority.
Term
Democratic Consensus
Definition
A widespread agreement on fundamental principles of democratic governance and the values that undergird them.
Term
Natural Rights
Definition
The rights of all people to dignity and worth; also call "human rights".
Term
Political Culture
Definition
The widely shared beliefs, values, and norms concerning the relationship of citizens to government and to one another.
Term
Social Capital
Definition
Participation in voluntary organizations that reinforce democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences.
Term
Gary Bauer
Definition
Represented the strongly conservative position in the candidate debates for the Republican Presidential nomination.
Term
Bernard Sanders
Definition
Self-described socialist, represents Vermont in US House of Representatives as an Independent.
Term
Mitchell Cohen
Definition
+ editor of "Dissent" magazine

+ "social democracy" - liberty, equality, and solidarity

+ We are "social individuals" who want freedom, but who also feel solidarity with other human beings.
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