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| Governmental concerns considered to be primarily the responsibility of the state governments |
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| Governmental concerns considered to be primarily the responsibility of the central government |
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| Individual who shared Hamilton's viewpoint on federalism as a member of the United States Supreme Court |
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| Supreme or ultimate political authority |
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| A system in which sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government |
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| Confederation or confederal system |
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| A system in which the state governments are sovereign and the national government may do only what the states permit |
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| A system in which sovereignty is shared between the national and the state governments |
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| Individual who argues the main effect of federalism since the Civil War has been to perpetuate racism |
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| The Founders' term for a federation |
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| The clause that stipulates that powers not delegated to the United States are reserved to the states or to the people |
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| A Supreme Court decision embodying the principle of implied powers of the national government |
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| Necessary-and-proper clause |
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| The phrase used by the Supreme Court to create the category of implied powers of the national government |
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| A doctrine espoused by Calhoun that states could hold certain national policies invalid within their boundaries |
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| The doctrine that both state and national governments are supreme in their respective spheres |
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| Federal funds provided to states and localities |
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| Individual who argues federalism has contributed to political flexibility and individual liberty |
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| State educational institutions built with the benefit of federally donated lands |
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| A program proposed in the 1960s to give federal funds to a small number of large cities with acute problems |
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| A federal grant for a specific purpose, often with accompanying conditions and/or requiring a local match |
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| A federal grant that could be used for a variety of purposes, usually with few accompanying restrictions |
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| Business that is conducted entirely within one state |
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| Federal rules that states must follow, whether they receive federal grants or not |
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| Federal rules that states must follow if they choose to receive the federal grants with which the rules are associated |
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| An interest group made up of mayors, governors, and other state and loyal officials who depend on federal funds |
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| The Federalist author who said that both state and federal governments "are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people constituted with different powers" |
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| Business that is conducted in more than one state |
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| Program to distribute benefits that was formerly federally funded then devolved to the states in 1996 |
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| Federally funded medical care for the poor |
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| An effort to shift responsibility for a wide range of domestic programs from Washington to the states |
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| Those state laws and regulations not otherwise unconstitutional, that promote health, safety, and morals |
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| A procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office |
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| A procedure that enables voters to reject a measure adopted by the legislature |
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| A procedure that allows voters to place legislative measures (and sometimes constitutional amendments) directly on the ballot by getting a specified portion of voter signatures on a petition |
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| Refers to a flow of power and responsibility from the states to local governments |
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| A federal grant that requires no matching funds and provides freedom in how to spend it |
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| Refers to the increased role of nonprofit organizations and private groups in policy implementation |
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