no two electrons can have the same spin

Atomic Trends

(atomic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, ionic radii, metallic character)

define/explain

Arrhenius Acid/Base ~ acids produce ions in aq soln and bases produce hydroxide ions

Bronstead ~ an acid is a proton acceptor and base is a proton acceptor

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Schrodinger equation

~cannot precisely know both the position/momentum of a particle

~narrows down the places most likely to find an electron

alkanes equation

alkynes equation

alkenes equation

2n + 2

2n - 2

2n

Functional Groups

Alcohols, Ethers, Carboxylic Acids, Esthers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Amides, Amides

Alcohol -OH

Ethers -O-

Carboxylic Acids COOH

Esthers COO

Aldehydes COH

Ketones CO

Amines NH2

Amide CONH2

dipole

&

dipole moment?

~a bond with a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative on the other

~sum of dipole bonds

molecular geometry angles, and eqs and orientation

~linear

~tetrahedral

~octahedral

~180; AX_2;sp

~109.5 AX_4;sp³

~90 + 180 AX_{6; sp³d²}

molec. geom. part 2, angle, eqs, and orientation

~trigonal planar

~trigonal bipyramidal

~120; AX_3;sp³

~120 + 90; AX_{5; sp³d}

~exhibit no volume

~exhibit no attractive/repulsive forces

electromagnetic spectrum

order of: