1.  Support

2.  Storage for Mineral and Lipids

3.  Blood Cell Production 

4. Protection 

5. Leverage

1.  Long Bones (extremities; Ends: Epiphysis, Shaft: Diaphysis)

2.  Short Bones (Cubed, wrist/ankles)

3. Flat Bones (ribs, cranium, sternum)

4. Irregular (facial, pelvic)

5. Sesamoid (in tendons like the patella)

6. Sutural Bones (between joints of cranial bones)

1. Head: Rounded expansion of an epiphysis

2. Facet: small, flat surface

3. Condyle: smooth, rounded process

4. Ramus: extension/branch that forms an angle with the rest of the structure (mandible ramus)

5. Fossa: shallow depression 

Tuberosity: large, rough projection

Crest: prominent ridge

Line: low ridge

Tubercle: small, rounded projection 

Meatus: passage/channel, especially the opening of a canal

Sinus: chamber within a bone usually filled with air

Fissure: deep furrow, cleft or slit

Foramen: rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves

2/3's is Calcium Phosphate

Hydroxyapatite: crystals that form when calcium hydroxide interacts with calcium phosphate 

This incorporates other salts such as calcium carbonate, Na, Mg, and F ions 

1/3 of the matrix is collagen fibers that provide framework for the crystals to form on (cells only make up 2%)

Calcium Phosphate crystals make bone hard and collagen makes it flexible 

1. Osteocytes (main)

2. Osteoclasts (remove bone matrix)

3. Osteoblasts (build bone matrix)

4. Oseoprogenitor Cells (stem cells)

Osteon is basic functional unit of mature compact bone 

Haversion Canal runs parallel to bone 

Other canals (Volkmann's) run perpindicular 

Interconnected by Canaliculi 

Concentric lamellae with central canal in middle 

Intersitial Lamellae fill in spaces in between osteons

Circumferential lamellae found at the outer and inner surfaces of bone 

Meshwork, not osteons

Trabeculae are bundles of fibers that create an open network with red bone marrow in between.  Nutrients reach osteocytes via diffusion.  RBM contains BV that deliver nutrients and remove wastes of osteocytes.  found where bones aren't heavily stressed or where stress is applied from multiple directions