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| Established judicial review over acts of congress |
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| Supremacy of national govt over state govts. Congress has certain implied powers in order to fulfill their enumerated powers |
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| Freedom of press and speech --> protected by the due Process clause of the 14th amendment also |
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| Ruled against unreasonable searches and seizures, protected by the 4th amendment |
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| anyone accused of a felony has a right to a lawyer-- Protected by 6th amendment |
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| Officials violated 1st amdt. when they wrote a prayer for schoolchildren to recite (New York) |
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| avoided defining obscenity; leaving it up to the individual communities |
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| New York Times v. Sullivan |
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| Established guidelines for determining whether public officials and public figures could win damage suits for libel---must prove that statements were made with "actual malice" or "reckless disregard for the truth" |
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| Law against flag burning in Texas shot down ---> Protected under symbolic speech in the 1st amdt. |
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| protect accused persons from self-incrimination *Miranda rights--"You have the right to remain silent..."* |
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| (1896) ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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| seperate but equal in the schools was unconstitutional--> violated the 14th amdts. guarantee of equal protection *marked the end of legal segregation in US* |
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| Tinker v. Des Moines School District |
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| Kids suspended form school for wearing black armbands protesting the vietnam war---> court ruled that freedom of speech included symbolic speech |
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Ban on all abortions unconstitutional:
first trimester: states have no control
second trimester: states may banned except to protect the mother
third trimester: may be banned completely by states |
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| Regents of the university of California v. Bakke |
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| State universities cannot admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race |
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| 4 supreme court justices agree to hear a case, it is heard |
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| powers that belong to both the state and national govts. (ex--right to tax) |
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| powers listed in the constitution |
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| power judicial branch has over congress; they check laws to make sure they are constitutional |
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| necessary and proper clause |
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| gives govt implied powers, or powers neede for them to fulfill their expressed powers |
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| evidence, no matter how incriminating, can not be used in court if obtained through unreasonable search and seizure |
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| federal govt has the right to control commerce |
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dominate some areas of policymaking and are composed of:
1. Bureaucracies
2. Congress
3. interest group |
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| The right of a government to appropriate private property for public use, usually with compensation to the owner. |
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| White House office responsible for devising and submitting the president's annual budget proposal to Congress. |
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| unrestricted federal grant |
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| The tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election |
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| unique to the senate, and it is where senators pick a peice of legislation and talk it to death. |
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| to halt a filibuster, 60 members of the senate present and voting stop a filibuster. |
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| where the president neither confirms nor denies a bill, it just goes past its expiration date and is vetoed |
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| when the government spends more money than it takes in |
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