Term
| old regime (ancien regime) |
|
Definition
| old order before the French Revoluiton. the status quo including divine right monarchy, state catholicism, belief in heirarchy, society based on privilege |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local courts dominatd by the aristocracy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| letters signed by the king of France, order and arbitrary actions that could not be appealed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the assembly of high nobles and clergy whom Calonne gathered and attempted to pass the land tax through.. they said no and referred the monarch to the Estates General in hopes of gaining government power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| national parliament that didn't meet between 1612 and 1789; included all three estates; forced to be called to reform tax system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first = clergy
second = aristocrats
third = EVERYONE ELSE
third has no real power; sans culottes |
|
|
Term
| What is the Third Estate? |
|
Definition
by Abbe Sieyes in 1789; criticizes how the major contributions of the Third Estate dont' secure them political or social privilege.
"We are everything. We have nothing. We want something." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a list of the greivances against the monarchy taht was brought to the king on the eve of hte revolution; included government waste, indirect taxes, church taxes, and corruption, hunting rights (aristocracy);
called for periodic meetins of the Estates general, more equitable taxes, more local control of administration, unified weights and measures for trade, and free press
EQUALITY OF POPULATION = BIGGEST DEMAND |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the third estate broke away from the Estates general and invited other member of the other estates to join; some did; they formed hte national assembly; were locked out of the meeting place by the king; went to the tennis courts and swore they would make a constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| third estates declares that they are France; invites the other Estates to join; everyone has their own vote- king is forced ot acknowledge them; breaks off from Estates General and form their own assembly b/c of unfairness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the group who reconstructed the government and administration of France; none of its members were allowed to sit on the Legistlative Assembly; took an oath to create a constitution; want to PRESERVE LIBERTY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people thought that the dismissal of Necker was against the National Assembly; decided to from a militia; marched to Bastile to secure weapons; guards fired into the crowd- killed 98 people; crowd broke in- killed some troups, the governor; released 7 prisoners- most of them not even political |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created by Layfette; blue, white, red, revolutionary badge --> later the flag |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| royal troops coming to countryside; peasants rebelled against their lords; chateaux burned, documents destoryed, refused to pay feudal dues, took back land that they thought was lawfully there, -- that had been taken druing aristocractic resurgence |
|
|
Term
| Night Session of August 4 |
|
Definition
| in an attempt to stop the rural disorder the nobility and clergy renounced their special rights and exemptions leaving all French citizens subject ot hte same and equal laws --> ended feudalism in France |
|
|
Term
| Declaration of hte Rights of Man |
|
Definition
| said that all men are born adn remain free, equal in rights, liberty, secrutiy, and have the right to resist oppression; no one person can rule, the law is the only thing to restrict you, can't harm others' freedom; only judged by ability and talent, innocent until proven guilty, no persecution of religious views unless disrupting,, freedom ofthe press, law will only arest justly,universal tax for army - equal to thier circumstances, no cruel and unusual punishment; TAX APPROVED BY ALL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| because of Louis's hesitation to ratify the aristocratic renunciation of feudalism and because of the scarcity of bread teh women of Paris marched on Versailles armed-- the royal family was distrusted and forced ot return to paris with the mob; first public attack of the king; wanted to keep watch over the king in Paris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Established by the national constituent Assembly, it made French government constitutionalist. the political authority lay in teh legislative assembly which also held the powers of war and peace; constitution gave the onarch a veto which could only delay legistlation; active/passive citizens- SHOULD HAVE ENDED. but no.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| government bonds that became currency, paper money that was printed too much and created inflation; |
|
|
Term
| civil constitution of the clergy |
|
Definition
roman catholic church becomes a part of state, paid employees, says they will be loyal to the constituion, divides the country, non-oath are refaractory
supported by the king if they take hte oath; paid by the state-- violatoin of law if you didn't take the oath
took the land of hte church, sell and use to pay debt |
|
|
Term
| non-juring (refractory) priests |
|
Definition
| the catholic priests who did not take the oath of Constituit assembly, refused to become employees of state |
|
|
Term
| flight to Varennes (in Belgium) |
|
Definition
| louis and family is convinced to flee the coutnry and meet the Austrian and Prussian armies to come back and take France; recognized in Varennes- escorted back to Versaille by soldiers and they tell the people that the king was abudcted -- dont want to create more distrust; king is a prisoner, shows that the king did not support the constitutionalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leopold II of Austria and Frederick II Prussia said they would protect the royal family with the consent of other European Countries; Leopold is trying to protect his sister |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the nobles that escaped the country and try to carry on the ecounterrevolutionaries their |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legistlature after the Constitution is written; many people are radicals- dont want a constitution, want a republic; the political revolution should have stopped here but there was too many radicals who want social and economic change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a politcal group of the 3rd Estae taht met in a Paris monastery; they wanted a French republic and were some of the most radical in the Assembly; ROBESPIERRE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a politcal group of the 3rd Estae taht met in a Paris monastery; they wanted a French republic and were some of the most radical in the Assembly; ROBESPIERRE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of Jacobians from the Gironde; they wanted to oppose teh coutnerrevolutionaries greatly by demaded the emigres to come back or lose property and the refractory clergy to swear the oath or lose their pensions (both vetoed); declared war on Austria and were thrown out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a committee who were the learders of Paris who were respresentives from different parts of the city; September Massacres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the people who lead the second revolution and the drive for democracy; they were the shopkeepers, artisans, wage carners, and factory workers who have been burdened by economic hardshps and then too much liberty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paris commune demands a new body elected by universal suffrage; declared France a republic; gets narrower and narrower until it becomes the comittee of public safety; govern and write a new constitution, never put the extremely democratic constituion into place; modeled after America |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parisan mob attacks the prison and kill many ppoeple in the prison; some aristocracy, some priests, and most prisoners -- killed because they were all counterrevolutionaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the jacobins who sat at the top of the Convention hall on teh left |
|
|
Term
| Reflections on the Revolution in France |
|
Definition
| Edmunde Burke; blind rationalism- revolution was stupid.. ignored the historical relaities of political developments and complexities of socila relations; a handbook for European conservatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when rulers adopted reforms for effieiceny and justice; usually costs the power of the lower institutions- parlements
justice = declaration on the rights of man
efficency = new tax structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a military requisition for all conscripting males to join the army and ecnomic production turned to military purposes; women sew clothes and bandages, older men motivate, men fight
jacobians like war b/c times are hard so people dont' focus on france's problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the convention thought that this was what was being established in the France - everythign had to do with teh good of the public: street names, dress of hte sans culottes, absence of the powerdered wigs, supression of non-republican plays.... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| French victory against Prussians, keep them out of France; reinforces the democratic victory of the Convention, now thought that France would be unified |
|
|
Term
| Commitee of Public Safety |
|
Definition
| ironic because they killed many of hte public, jacobins -- reign of terror |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used during the terror to kill people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deputies sent to dechristians in the provinces, persecuted the clergy and beleivers.. forced priests to marry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Robespeirre; thought that worshipping rationalism was too difficult for everyone; made cult of.. very similar to deism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extreme sans-culottes who wanted further controls on price, securing social equality, pressing de-Christianization, executed by Robespierre |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stop of the Terro; Robespierre execution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eliminating the reign of terror and gulilotines, making a new administration that is less radical; amnesty granted to all prisoners of the terror; suspicion laws were eliminated; white terror- the terror again that killed all the terrorists and the Jacobins, revival of Catholic worship, refractory clergy- returned, constitution of year III, council of 500 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a swiss banker who was in charge of the financial situation in France; released a public statment that showed that the situation wasn't as bad if the expenditures of hte American revolution were left out-- showed that a great part of the budget whent to aristocrat pensions; angered hte nobles and was put out of offices; taxes were harder to raise; reappointed.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| writer, popular oraters, favored a constitutional monarchy; built on teh model of Great Britain and conducted secret negotiations with the king in order to reconcile the monarchy and the revolution;FAILED |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Military leader in France; helped in the American revolution; made the Cockade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poison pen; doctor turned journalist; motivated hte mob; killed by Charlotte Corday |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Girodin; shocked by Marat inciting hte mob to kill aristocrats; killed him |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a leader of the Committee of Public Safety, served as the executive power in the government of the convention; less radical than Robespierre |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most powerful member of the Committee of Public Safety; defended the public by terror; supported the sans-culottes; excluded women from active citizenry; opposed the de-Christianization of France b/c of alienation of the pbulic that it woudl cause; arrested and executed for his terror |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reflections on the Revolutions of France |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| English general who determined British victory in the 7 years war; won the French colonies |
|
|
