Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Euro History Flashcards
Flashcards to help study for the AP Euro Test. (Terms include; people, places, battles/wars, events/dates, ideas/concepts, etc.) Definitions are from my textbook, notes, packets, or my teacher.
65
History
10th Grade
04/18/2013

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
abolitionists
Definition
Advocates of the abolition of the slave trade and of slavery.
Term
absolutism
Definition
A system of government in which the ruler claims sole and incontestable power.
Term
agricultural revolution
Definition
Increasingly aggressive attitudes toward investment in and management of land that increased production of food in the 1700s.
Term
Alexander II
Definition
Russian tsar (r. 1855-1881) who initiated the age of Great Reforms and emanicpated the serfs in 1861.
Term
Anabaptists
Definition
Sixteenth-century Protestants who believed that only adults could truly have fait and accept baptism.
Term
anarchism
Definition
The belief that people should not have government; it was popular among some peasants and workers in the last half of the nineteenth century and the first decdes of the twentieth.
Term
appeasement
Definition
Making concessions in the face of grievances as a way of preventing conflict.
Term
art nouveau
Definition
An early-twentieth-century artistic style in graphics, fashion, and household design that features flowing, sinuous lines, borrowed in large part from Asian art.
Term
Atlantic system
Definition
The network of trade established in the 1700s that bound together western Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Europeans sold slaves from western AFrica and bought  commodities that were produced by the new colonial plantations in North and South America and the Carribean.
Term
baroque
Definition
An artisctic style of the seventeenth century that featured curves, exaggerated lighting, intense emotions, release from restraint, and even a kind of artistic sensationalism.
Term
battle of Waterloo
Definition
The final battle lost by Napoleon; it took place near Brussels on June 18, 1815, and led to the deposed emperor's final exile.
Term
Simone de Beauvoir
Definition
Author of The Second Sex (1949), a globally influential work that created an interpretation of women's age-old inferior status from existentialist philosophy.
Term
Ludwig van Beethoven
Definition
The German composer (1770-1827) who helped set the direction of musical romanticism; his music used recurring and evolving themes to convey the impression of natural growth.
Term
Osama bin Laden
Definition
Wealthy leader of the militant Islamic group al-Qaeda, which executed terrorist plots, including September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States, to end the presence of U.S. forces in his home country, Saudia Arabia.
Term
Otto von Bismarck
Definition
1815-1898. Leading Prussian politician and German chancellor who waged war in order to create a united German Empire, which was established in 1871.
Term
Black Death
Definition
The term historians give to the disease that swept through Europe in 1347-1352.
Term
Blitzkrieg
Definition
Literally, "lightning war"; a strategy for the conduct of war (used by the Germans in World War II) in which motorized firepower quickly and overwhelmingly attacks the enemy, leaving it unable to resist psychologically or militarily.
Term
Simón Volívar
Definition
1783-1830. The Venezuelan-born, European-educated aristocrat who became one of the leaders of the Latin American independence movement in the 1820s. Bolivia is named after him.
Term
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
Definition
1808-1873. Nephew of Napoleon I; he was elected president of France in 1848, declared himself Emperor Napoleon III in 1852, and ruled until 1870.
Term
Napoleon Bonaparte
Definition
The French general who became First Consul in 1799 and emperor (Napoleon I) in 1804; after losing the battle of Waterloo in 1815, he was exiled to the island of St. Helena.
Term
buccaneers
Definition
Pirates of the Caribbean who governed themselves and preyed on international shipping.
Term
bureaucracy
Definition
A network of state officials carrying out orders according to a regular and routine line of authority.
Term
John Calvin
Definition
French-born Christian humanist (1509-1564) and founder of Calvanism, one of the major branches of the Protestant Reformation; he led the reform movement in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1541 to 1564.
Term
capital-intensive industry
Definition
A mid- to late-nineteenth-century development in industry that required great investments of money for machinery and infrastructure to make a profit.
Term
Catherine de Médicis
Definition
Italian-born mother of French king Charles IX (r. 1560-1574); she served as regent and tried but failed to prevent religious warfare between Calvinists and Catholics.
Term
Camillo di Cavour
Definition
Prime minister (1852-1861) of the kingdom of Piedmond-Sardinia and architect of a united Italy.
Term
Charlie Chaplin
Definition
1899-1977. Major entertainment leader, whose sympathetic portrayals of the common man and satires of Hitler helped preserve democratic values in the 1930s and 1940s.
Term
Charles V
Definition
Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1519-1556) and the most powerful ruler in the sixteenth-century Europe; he reigned over the Low Countries, Spain, Spain's Italian and New World dominions, and the Austrian Habsburg lands.
Term
Chartism
Definition
The British movement of supporters of the People's Charter (1838), which demanded universal manhood suffrage, vote by secret ballot, equal electoral districts, and other reforms.
Term
Christian Democrats
Definition
Powerful center to center-right political parties that evolved in the late 1940s from former Catholic parties of the pre-World War II period.
Term
Christian humanism
Definition
A general intellectual trend in the sixteenth century that coupled love of classical learning, as in renaissance humanism, with an emphasis on Christian piety.
Term
Civil Code
Definition
The French legal code formulated by Napoleon in 1804; it ensured equal treatment under the law to all men and guaranteed religious liberty, but it curtailed many rights of women.
Term
civil disobedience
Definition
The act of deliberately but peacefully breaking the law, a tactic used by Mohandas Gandhi in India and earlier by British suffragists to protest oppression and obtain political change.
Term
classicism
Definition
A seventeenth-centurey style of painting and architecture that reflected the ideals of the art of antiquity; in classicism, geometric shapes, order, and harmony of lines took precedence over the sensuous, exuberant, and emotional forms of the baroque.
Term
cold war
Definition
The rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1989 that led to massive growth in nuclear weapons on both sides.
Term
Christoper Columbus
Definition
An Italian sailor (1451-1506) who opened up the New World by sailing west across the Atlantic in search of a route to Asia.
Term
communists
Definition
THose socialists who after 1840 (when the word was first used) advocated the abolition of private property in favor of communal, collective ownership.
Term
Congress of Vienna
Definition
Face-to-face negotiations (1814-1815) between great powers to settle the boundaries of European states and determine who would rule each nation after the defeat of Napoleon.
Term
conservatism
Definition
A political doctrine that emerged after 1789 and took hold after 1815; it rejected much of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, preferring monarchies over republics, tradition over revolution, and established religion over Enlightenment skepticism.
Term
constitutionalism
Definition
A system of government in which rulers share power with parliaments made up of elected representatives.
Term
consumer revolution
Definition
The rapid increase in consumption of new staples produced in the Atlantic system as well as of other inters of daily life that were previously unavailable or beyond the reach of ordinary people.
Term
Continental System
Definition
The boycott of British goods in France and its satellites ordered by Napoleon in 1806; it had success but was later undermined by smuggling.
Term
Corn Laws
Definition
Tariffs on grain in Great Britain that benefited landowners by preventing the import of cheap foreign grain; they were repealed by the British government in 1846.
Term
Hernán Cortés
Definition
The Spanish explorer (1485-1547) who captured the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán (present-day Mexico City), in 1519.
Term
Council of Trent
Definition
A general council of the Catholic church that met at Trent between 1545 and 1563 to set Catholic doctrine, reform church practices, and defend the church against the Protestant challenge.
Term
Cuban missile crisis
Definition
The confrontation in 1962 between the United States and the USSR over Soviet installation of missile sites off the U.S. coast in Cuba.
Term
cult of the offensive
Definition
A military strategy of constantly attacking the enemy that was believed to be the key of winning World War I but that brought great loss of life while failing to bring decisive victory.
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition
The English naturalist (1809-1882) who popularized the theory of evolution by means of natural selection and thereby challenged the biblical story of creation.
Term
de-Christianization
Definition
During the French Revolution, the campaign of extremist republicans against organized churches and in favor of a belief system based on reason.
Term
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Definition
The preamble to the French constitution drafted in August 1789; it established the sovereignty of the nation and equal rights for citizens.
Term
decolonization
Definition
The process - whether violent or peaceful - by which colonies gained their independence from the imperial powers after World War II.
Term
deists
Definition
Those who believe in God but give him no active role in human affairs. Deists of the Enlightenment believed that God had designed the universe and set it in motion but no longer intervened in its functioning.
Term
DNA
Definition
The genetic material that forms the basis of each cell; the discovery of its structure in 1952 revolutionized genetics, molecular biology, and other scientific and medical fields.
Term
domesticity
Definition
An ideology prevailing in the nineteenth century that women should devote themselves to their families and the home.
Term
Dual Alliance
Definition
A defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary created in 1879 as a part of Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war. It was joined by Italy in 1882 as a third partner and then called the Triple Alliance.
Term
dual monarchy
Definition
The shared power arrangement between the Habsburg Empire and Hungary after the Prussian defeat of the Austrian Empire in 1866-1867.
Term
Duma
Definition
The Russian parliament set up in the aftermath of the outbreak of the Revolution of 1905.
Term
Edict of Nantes
Definition
The decree issued by French king Henry IV in 1598 there granted the Huguenots a large measure of religious toleration.
Term
Albert Einstein
Definition
Scientist whose theory of relativity (1905) revolutionized modern physics and other fields of thought.
Term
George Eliot
Definition
The pen name of English novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880), who described the harsh reality of many ordinary people's lives in her works.
Term
Elizabeth I
Definition
English queen (r, 1558-1603) who oversaw the return of the Protestant Church of England and, in 1588, the successful defense of the realm against the Spanish Armada.
Term
Enabling Act
Definition
The legislation passed in 1933 suspending constitutional government for four hearts in order to meet the crisis in the German economy.
Term
enlightened despots
Definition
Rulers - such as Catherine the Great of Russia, Frederick the Great of Prussia, and Joseph II of Austria - who tried to promote Enlightenment reforms without giving up their own supreme political power; also called enlightened absolutists.
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
The eighteenth-century intellectual movement whose proponents believed that human beings could apply a critical, reasoning spirit to every problem.
Term
Entente Cordiale
Definition
An alliance between Britain and France that began with an agreement in 1904 to honor colonial holdings.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!