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| -What people called WWI before WWII. |
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-French territory taken by Germany during the Franco-Prussian War.
-Before WWI, the French wanted it back. |
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| -Italy, Germany, and Austria in 1882. |
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| Alliance of the Three Emperors |
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-1881-1887.
-Germany, Austria, Hungary and Russia. -Plan to divide Ottoman Empire and to not fight against each other.
-Russian withdrew in 1887 over differences with A-H. |
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| -Russia, France, and Britain. -1914-1918. |
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-The "Sick Man of Europe".
-Lost significant territory in the Balkans between 1878 and 1914.
-Lost the rest (Turkey) during the war. (1918) |
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-German effort to bully France into giving them Morocco.
-Backfired when Britain and France came together.
-Germany got nothing. |
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| -British money that should have been spent on social welfare, but had to be spent on battleships to keep up with the German naval gains. |
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-Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria took Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire.
-Couldn't agree on who would get what. (Led to 2nd |
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| -Austria forced Serbia to give up Albania. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Also known as WWI or the Great War. |
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Term
| Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
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Definition
-Heir to Austrian and Hungarian empire.
-He was assassinated by members of the Black Hand (Serbian nationalist) in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.
-His death "started" WWI. |
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Definition
-July 23, 1914.
-Austria/Hungary sent to Serbia.
-Demands that included Nfl control of Serbia.
-A/H declared war on Serbia on July 28th |
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Definition
| -Germany's unconditional support of A/H aggression. |
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-German plan for fighting a two-fronted war one front at a time.
-First France then Russia. |
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| General Helmuth von-Moltke |
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Definition
-German leader on the Western Front.
-Unable to enact the Schlieffen Plan and actually retreated from the Battle of the Marne.
-He was replaced as commander after this defeat and died a broken man two years later. |
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Term
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Definition
-September 1914.
-Battle 40 miles outside Paris.
-The French under the command of General Joffre managed to stop the Germans (with the help of the Taxicab Placements).
-Trench warfare begins. |
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-Summer of 1916.
-The French and British lost 600,000 and the Germans lost 500,000.
-All for 125 Sq. Miles ofland.
-"I am staring at a sunlit picture of Hell."
-British poet Sassoon .. |
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Term
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Definition
-1916 Battle (Feb. To Dec.)
-Over I million people were killed.
-Germans attacked this French fortress overlooking the Meuse river.
-The French eventually forced a German retreat, due in part to the British opening up another attack on the Somme River to which the Germans had to respond. |
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| All Quiet on the Western Front |
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Definition
-Enrich Remarque's great novel about WW1 and Trench warfare.
-From German soldier's point of view. |
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-Russian invasion of German territory. -First and LAST!
-Huge defeat for the Russians. |
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Definition
| -The sinking of this ship is one of the reasons the u.S. entered into WWI on the side of the Triple Entente. |
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Definition
-Message sent by Berlin to the German ambassador in Mexico City.
-Intercepted (conveniently) by the British. -It offered Mexico: Texas, New Mexico and Arizona in return for her help against he U.S.
-Another reason the U.S. entered into WWI on the side of the Triple Entente. |
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Term
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Definition
-Began the war as Minister of Munitions.
-He became Prime Minister during the war, and was in large part responsible for the British victory.
-None-the-less, he only held power until 1921. |
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-Took over the French government in 1917 and established a virtual dictatorship.
-Would not agree to compromise peace with Germany. |
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-May of 1917.
-Led to mutiny among the French troops. |
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Definition
-Replaced Nivelle as Commander of the French troops in 1917.
-Restored order after the mutiny by promising no more "grand" offensives. |
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-Last Emperor of Russia.
-Abdicated to the Duma (Provisional Government) but will later be captured.
-Killed (along with his whole family) by the Red Army. |
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-Last Empress of Russia.
-Encouraged by her husband, Nicholas II, to rule as an absolute ruler.
-Became involved with Rasputin due to her sick son, A1exi.
-Killed along with her whole family by the Red Army. |
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-Siberian con-artist who convinced Alexandra that he could help her hemophilic son and therefor gained power within the Russian government.
-He was killed by three noblemen trying to protect the Russian throne.
-Sexy af |
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-Set up by the Duma in 1917.
-It tried to deal with the war and failed to deal with the land-reform or food shortages. |
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| -Leader of the Provisional Government in Russia from 1917 until its defeat by the Bolsheviks. |
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-Lenin's right-hand man.
-Leader of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.
-Represented Russia during the Brest-Litvsk peace talks.
-Later he is forced out of Russia by Stalin and then murdered in Mexico. |
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Definition
-The peace agreement between Germany and Russia in March of 1918.
-Germany would gain significant land, people and resources that would enable them to continue fighting on the |
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| -The Treaty of Versailles would undo much of this agreement. |
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-Treaty ending WWL
-The British and French made sure GERMANY PAID!!!
-Often blamed as a major cause of WWll. |
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-Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution.
-He won the Russian Civil War and ruled Russian until his death in 1924.
-Economic Policy: NEP |
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