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| The revival; of Greco-Roman culture, as well as the rise of individualism and secularism in Europe in the 14th century. |
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| An association formed by 80 North German coastal towns, which came to have a monopoly in northern European trade |
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| Florence,Milan,Venice,the Papal States, Naples |
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| Italian city states during the Renaissance |
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| A powerful family from Florence, which controlled the greatest bank in Europe |
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| The ruler of the Duchy of Milan |
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| Sforsa leader of Milan after Visconti |
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| Book of the Courtier by Baldassare |
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| A book about what a perfect courtier is, as well as a perfect lady. |
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| A concept used in Italy, to prevent the aggrandizement of any one state at the expense of others. |
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| A treaty which ended a half century war in Italy, and brought in a peaceful era in Italy. |
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| Influential author of, The Prince |
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| A movement in Renaissance Italy, which focused on the importance of man, and also on philosophy, poetry, hisotry, and other "humanities" |
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| grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and Greco-Roman Culture |
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| Humanism focusing on the importance of society, civic spirit and pride, started in Florence |
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| the father of Humanism, a well as an important writer, the first to characterize the middle ages as " a period of darkness" |
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| The exposition of Plato's philosophy, based on two ideas; the hierarchy of substances, and a theory of spiritual love |
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| A philosophy, where there was a stress of astrology, alchemy, and magic,as well as theological vies and philosophical beliefs. |
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| Writer of one of the most important pieces of Renaissance writing, Oration on the Dignity of Man |
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| Historian and writer of, the History of the Florentine people |
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| Helped create movable type in Europe, and writer/maker of the Gutenberg Bible |
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| Great renaissance artist, painter of the Last Supper, and Mona Lisa, also studied many other fields |
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| Great Renaissance artist from Florence. Main focus was sculpture. Sculpted David. |
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| Renaissance artist from Rome, painter, painter the School of Athens |
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| Renaissance artist from Rome, painted the Sistine Chapel |
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| Renaissance architect. Constructed the Dome of Duomo in Florence. |
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| Later period of the Renaissance when there was a shift from Florence to Rome as the center of art and culture. |
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| The Renaissance art, shifted to the North in what is known as the Northern Renaissance. Northern artists placed great emphasis on emotion, and created works of devotional art. |
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| Famous northern renaissance oil painter. painted, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride |
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| Northern renaissance artist from Nuremberg. Painted, Adoration of the Magi |
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| Influential composer, from the northern renaissance |
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| The reestablishment of centralized power of monarchical governments. |
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| An on and off war between England in France, over territories in North France. Took over 100 years to be settled. |
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| The French parliament, not as strong or as powerful as in the English government. |
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| French King, was "willy and devious", brought Burgundy into the French Kingdom |
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| A domestic war in England between the house of Lancaster and the house of York. Henry Tudor won the war defeating the last King of York, and starting the Tudor dynasty. |
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| The winning side in the war of roses. Henry Tudor was the leader. |
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| losing side in the war of roses |
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| The fist Tudor king (Henry Tudor house of Lancaster) |
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| Leader of the Spainish Kingdom of Aragon, helped unite spain with Isabella. |
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| Ruler of the Spainish Kingdom of Castile, helped unite Spain with Ferdinand |
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| the Christian take over of Spain?? |
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| The removal of Jews and Muslims from Catholic Spain. |
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| The removal of Jews and Muslims from Catholic Spain. |
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| Powerful family which controlled much of the Holy Roman Empire |
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| Kingdom in central Italy, threatened by the Ottomans |
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| Large empire based in Turkey, took control of much of east Europe and asia |
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| Ruling "nation" of the balkans and Greece, defeated by the Ottomans. |
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| Chapel in Rome, where the Pope proceeds mass, painted by Michelangelo |
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| Famous painting by Rafael |
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| da Vinci's most famous work |
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| corrupt papacy, spent lot's of money, patron of arts |
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| Renaissance pope who worked to end the conciliar movement |
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| corrupt pope who appointed family member's to high ranking positions. |
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| Pope who had many children and put them in powerful positions |
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| archbishop at the age of 8, cardinal at 13, and a pope at 37 |
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| Bohemian spreader of lollardy |
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