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| Father of northern humanism. Wrote "In praise of folly" which cleverly insulted the church but did not anger it. Laid the egg that Luther hatched. |
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| Italian humanist that revealed the "Donation of Constantine" to be a forgery. He used latin to prove this. |
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| Document supposedly written my the Emperor Constantine which gave all authority over Rome and the Roman part of western europe to the pope. Proven fake which pissed off the pope. |
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| wrote "Utopia." Was beheaded by his good friend Henry III for my converting to Anglicanism |
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| Founded zwinglianism which is like Lutheranism but sees the Eucharist as a symbol of Jesus' body and blood. He was a swiss mercenary turned preacher who led his zwinglian forces against swiss catholic. Lost and died. |
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| which attempted to solve a dispute meeting between Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli over the Real Presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper. |
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| Group of Anglicans who wanted to totally and utterly purify the church. No dancing, singing, laughing, etc. Only work and worship |
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| Scottish preacher who founded Scottish Presbyterianism |
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| Founded by John Calvin. Protestant religion which was not included in the Peace of Augsburg. Best known for its doctrines of predestination and total depravity, stressing the absolute sovereignty of God. aka "the religion of the peasants" |
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| Catholic monk who, upset by John Tetzel and the mass selling of Indulgences, wrote the 95 theses and nailed them to the church door at Whittenburg. Also mailed then to Albert of Mainz, the Archbishop of Mainz. Eventually founded Lutheranism. |
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| A payment to the church that would lessen the time your soul had to spend in purgatory. |
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| Response to the protestant reformation, focused on reiterating everything the church stood for. Eventually calmed down by the attempted peace with Lutheranism. |
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| “Whose realm, his religion,” allowed for German princes within the HRE to change the religion of their land to either Catholicism or Lutheranism. Princes rule, princes religion. |
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| Ius reformandi, ius emigrandi |
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| is like Cuius Regio, eius religio but means “right to reform religion, right to emigrate.” If you can't reform, then you can leave with your property and go to a different territory where you can leave. (However, peasants were tied to the land and normally their only property was their home. |
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| "Society of Jesus" Founded by Ignatius of Loyola,founded to counter the protestant reformation. Very radical, founded schools and did mission trips. "If it is clearly black but the lord says it is white then we must obey the lord." |
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| (1545–63) Pretty much just said that everything the protestants said was wrong and we are right. Convoked by Pope Paul III, ended under Pope Pius IV |
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| Peasant revolt of 1524-1526 |
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| was a widespread popular revolt in the German-speaking areas of Central Europe, 1524–1526. At its height in the spring and summer of 1525, the conflict involved an estimated 300,000 peasants: contemporary estimates put the dead at 100,000. Angry with their land lords, took advantage of the absence of the Nobles (fighting the turks in Vienna. Martin Luther condemned it in his "Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants" |
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| HRE and King of Spain (r.1519-1556. Did the peace of Augsburg. Left spain to his son and the HRE to his brother. |
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| Written in 1555. Allowed for Lutheranism to be practiced IF the german prince of that territory was Lutheran. Didn't include Calvinism. |
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| (r.1554-1598) King of Spain, tired to follow in his fathers footsteps by eradicating Protestantism. Did the Spanish Armada. |
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| Built as both a home to the king of spain and a monument to Spain's role as a center of the Christian world. Was like Versailles but in Spain. |
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| William of Orange. main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish that set off the Eighty Years' War and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1648. |
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| a series of wars waged in Europe from ca. 1524 to 1648, following the onset of the Protestant Reformation in Western and Northern Europe. Although sometimes unconnected, all of these wars were strongly influenced by the religious change of the period, and the conflict and rivalry that it produced |
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| Began in 1564 in the town of Vassy. Henry III vs Henry of Guise vs Henry of Navarre. Henry III's mother Catherine de' Medici is a crazy psycho bitch who pretty much starts it all. Henry III and Henry of Guise both get assassinated. The lesser of the evils (Henry of Navarre)becomes Henry IV |
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| Led the Calvinist forces in the french wars of religion. Becomes Henry IV after both Henry III and Henry of Guise are assassinated. |
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| Led the ultra-catholic forces against the moderate "philisoph" Henry III and the Calvinist Henry of Navarre. Eventually gets assassinated. |
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| (1618-1648) Started with the Defenestration of Prague and ended with the Peace of Westphalia. Split up into 4 phases with the last being the most brutal. Bohemian phase (1618-1625) Danish phase (1625-1629) Swedish phase (1630-1635) Franco-Swedish Phase (1635-1648) |
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| (1642–1651) War between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers). Ended in the execution of Charles I and the reign of Oliver Cromwell until 1660. |
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| After being tired of Cromwell's opressive reign. The Parliamentarians invite Charles II back to the throne |
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| Supporters of the royals during the English civil war. |
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| (r.1625-1649) King England, wanted to be absolutist like he was when he ruled Scotland and Ireland but he didn't fully understand the way of the parliament. Eventually executed after he lost the English civil war. |
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| Parliamentary legal document that outlines what the king can not do and list a bunch of demands for the king to follow. Pretty much a list of complaints about the king and reasons why he has been messing up.Contains restrictions on non-Parliamentary taxation, forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and restricts the use of martial law (King is Charles I) |
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