Term
|
Definition
| Slightly after the Age of Metternich. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bunch of loosely related small states coming together to form a country. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prime Minister of Prussia from 1862 to 1890. Won The War Against Denmark, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War. Established the North German Confederation, and helped unify Germany. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A war between Austria and Prussia that took place in 1866 as the result of unresolved issues stemming from an earlier war with Denmark. Prussia won. Also called the Seven Weeks' War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1870. Broke out after a dynastic dispute over the Spanish throne. Bismarck deliberately altered the wording of the Ems Dispatch, an account of the German king's meeting with the French ambassador over the issue, and made his revisions public. Prussia won in less than four months. The war ended with the Treaty of Franfurt, which gave Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An Italian nationalist. Invaded Sicily in 1860. Subdued Sicily and Naples. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Became prime minister of Sardinia in 1854. Reformed the government to gain liberals' support. Provoked a war with Austria in 1859; won with France's help. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ruled the constitutional monarchy of Sardinia, the only independent state in Italy. Became the first king of the Kingdom of Italy in March, 1861. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An offshoot of the ideals of liberty and equality of the French revolution. Its political goals were legal equality, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and representative government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reaction to the inequalities created by the French Revolution. Utopian socialists, such as Charles Fourier and Louis Blanc, were idealistic but impractical. Modern socialism was largely founded by the theories of Karl Marx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The literary movement that replaced romanticism. Realist writers included Emile Zola, Honore de Balzac, Gustave Flauber, George Eilot (aka Mary Ann Evans), and Leo Tolstoy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A very emotional literary movement. Personal freedom, awe of nature, reverence for history. Artists of this movement included William Wordsworth, Victor Hugo, painter John Constable, George Sand, and Ludwig van Beethoven. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Artists tried to capture the feeling of a scene instead of painting realistically. Included Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Claude Monet, both from France. |
|
|
