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Ap English Summer Assignment
Ap English terms
27
English
11th Grade
07/18/2012

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Term

Ethos

 

Definition

   The moral element in dramatic literature

 that determines character's action rather 

than his or her thought or emotion

 

  A persuasion tactic that gives the

impression that the speaker is credible

by how trustworthy, fair, knowledgeable,

and considerate he/she is to the audience

Term

Pathos 

 

Definition

The quality or power in an actual life 

experience or in literature,

 music, speech, or other forms of 

expressionof evoking a feeling of

 pity or  compassion.

Term

Logos

 

Definition

The rational principle

 that governs and develops

 the universe the divine word 

or reason incarnate 

in JesusChrist.

Term

Apposition

 

Definition
The word(s) which follow a noun to rename it or describe it in another way. Appositives are usually offset with commas, brackets or dashes.
Term

Periodic

Sentence

Definition
A long sentence which has its main point at the end.
Term

Loose

Sentence

Definition
A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.
Term

Nominalization

 

Definition
A type of word formation in which a verb or an adjective (or other part of speech) is used as (or transformed into) a noun.
Term

Tone

 

Definition
A modulation of the voice expressing a particular feeling or mood : a firm tone of voice.
Term

Paradox

 

Definition
A paradox is a statement that seems to be self-contradictory or unreasonable.
Term

Parallel

Structure

Definition
The same grammatical structure of parts within a sentence or of sentences within a paragraph. For example, the following sentence contains parallel infinitive phrases: 'He wanted to join the swim team, to high dive, and to swim in relays'.
Term

Denotation

 

Definition
The literal meaning of a word
Term

Juxtaposition

 

Definition

An act or instance of placing close

 together or side by side,especially 

for comparison or contrast.

Term

Connotation

 

Definition
The associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning
Term

Imagery

 

Definition
 Visually descriptive or figurative language.
Term
Active Voice
Definition

Verbs are said to be in "active voice" when the subject of the sentence performs the verb in the sentence.

Ex. The engineers blew up the bridge.

Term

Passive

Voice

Definition

A verb is said to be in the "passive voice" when its subject does not perform the action of the verb.  In fact, the action is performed on the subject.

Ex. The bridge was blown up by engineers

Term
Aphorism
Definition

A terse saying embodying a general truth, 

or astute observation

Term

Satire

 

Definition

Satire is the use of irony, sarcasm, exaggeration, mockery or humour to expose the flaws of individuals or societies to ridicule.


Term
Circumlocution
Definition

A roundabout or 

indirect way of speaking; 

the use of more words than

 necessary to express an idea.

Term
Euphemism
Definition
 Is the use of agreeable or inoffensive words to replace rude or offensive ones.
Term

Verbal

Irony

Definition
A trope (or figure of speech) in which the intended meaning of a statement differs from the meaning that the words appear to express.
Term
Dictation
Definition

style of speaking or writing 

as dependent upon 

choice of words

Term
Anaphora
Definition

Repetition of a word or words at the 

beginning of two or more successive verses, 

clauses, or sentences.

Term
Antecedent
Definition
An antecedent is the word(s) to which a pronoun refers to; as the 'children' in The teacher asked the children where they were going.
Term

Deductive

Reasoning

Definition
reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)
Term
Understatement
Definition

The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is

Term

Inductive

Reasoning

Definition
Generalization: Reasoning from detailed facts to general principles.
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