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| From the Latin meaning "to or against the man," this is an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feel rather than intellect |
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The device of using character and/or story elements, symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. In some allegories, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. Moral truth or generalization of human existance. |
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| The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or mroe neighboring words (She sells sea shells.) Can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, and supply musical sound. |
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| A direct or indirect reference to something with is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, work of art. |
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| The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |
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The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP Language exam tends to ask for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or group of sentences. |
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| A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or moral principal. (Folk proverb if author unknown.) |
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| A figure of speach that direct addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as libery or love.May add familiarity or emotional intensity. |
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Emotional mood created by the entirety of a literal workd, established by the setting and the athor's choice of objects that are described. |
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| A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. A main clause expresses a completely thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A subordinate clause cannot and must be accompanish be a main clause. |
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| The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. |
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| A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. Displays intelectualy cleverness due to unusual comparison. |
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